diseases of adults

Question 1

DDX for thin ewe (chronic weight loss, one animal affected, adults)

Answer 1

management- diet, feeder space, housing
teeth.oral lesions, foot rot, parasites
caseous lymphadenitis
OPP
CAE/DJD
paratuberculosis

Question 2

caseous lymphadenitis transmission, DDX, dx

Answer 2

external/internal abscesses- skin resp transmission
ddx: abscess, cyst, wasting diseases

dx- culture abscess, hemolysin inhibition test for herd

Question 3

caseous lymphadenitis tx, control

Answer 3

external abscess- cull, lance w iodine/chlorhexidine
internal- cull

purchase from CLA free flock, disinfect shearing equipment, vx entire flock

Question 4

OPP/CAE forms, transmission

Answer 4

lentivirus- transmission vertical, resp

chronic pneumonia (sheep), encephalitis (lambs)-> maedi visna

arthritic form- goats
hard udder

Question 5

OPP C/S

Answer 5

> 3y old sheep
severe dyspnea, time of stress= more frequent resp signs

Question 6

CAE C/S

Answer 6

mostly goats
swollen carpal joints, weight loss
monocytes and lymphocytes on joint tap

Question 7

encephalitis C/S

Answer 7

1-6m
ataxia/paresis
blindness, head tilt/tremor (rare)

Question 8

OPP/CAE dx/tx

Answer 8

PCR/ELISA on serum
highly infected: remove newborns, tx colostrum, pasteurize milk, serology

moderate: separate/remove, mate negatives

Question 9

paratuberculosis (johnes)

Answer 9

fecal/oral transmission
weight loss, poor hair coat, +/- chronic d+

Question 10

johnes dx

Answer 10

ELISA, PCR (dont culture)
control: ID and cull, manure disposal, vx in aus/US

Question 11

contagious ecthyma

Answer 11

orf-> young adults
crusty lesions

tx- fluid support, nutrition
resolves in 1m

maintain virus free herd (examine new additions)
ZOONOTIC

Question 12

rumen acidosis

Answer 12

rapid fermentation of carbs-> VFAs-> pH change
proliferation of S. bovis-> lactic acid-> lactobacillus

C/S- shock, colic, d+, dehydration, lactic acidosis
dx- high lactate, dehydration, prerenal azotemia
tx- fluids (w bicarb), NSAIDs, abx, thiamine
grass hay and water
transfaunation

prevention- introduce concentrate slowly , rumen buffer (baking soda)

Question 13

abomasal emptying defect

Answer 13

suffolk adults
chronic weight loss, abd distension, high chloride
no tx

Question 14

listeriosis

Answer 14

multifocal encephalitis, septicemia, abortion
silage feeding-> shed in milk, uterine fluid

Question 15

tetanus

Answer 15

castration, tail docking, shearing, umbilicus, metritis
unvxed animals

vx pre-lambing, lambs

Question 16

scrapie

Answer 16

TSEs (prions), 2-5y, placenta, feces, milk, urine
C/S- rubbing flanks, biting feet, loss of wool, ataxia
excitement, dropping ears, nervous, aggressive
weight loss, death

Question 17

scrapie genotyping

Answer 17

171, 154, 136
171: R resistant
Q susceptible

136: A resistant, V susceptible

Question 18

atypical scrapie

Answer 18

ataxia, weight loss, behaviour changes

Question 19

foot rot

Answer 19

contagious bacterial foot infection-> lameness/production loss
redness, inflammation, bad odour, weight loss

Question 20

foot rot pathogenesis

Answer 20

moisture/trauma-> fusobacterium necrophorum/dichelobacter nodosus-> dermatitis

secondary infection w trueperella (abscess)
footrot-> benign or virulent

Question 21

foot rot tx

Answer 21

check all animals-> cull severe
exposed: trim feet/footbath
lame: trimming, abx, 1hr footbath, clean pasture

prevention: quarantine 30d, regular trimming, zinc footbath

Question 22

copper toxicity

Answer 22

sheep (lambs)
swine ration, mineral supplements, foot bath, chicken/swine
1. acute poisoning
2. primary chronic poisoning
3. secondary chronic poisoning

Question 23

chronic copper toxicity

Answer 23

accumulates in liver-> sudden release-> hemolytic crisis (anemia, hemoglobinuria, nephrosis)

Question 24

copper toxicity C/S

Answer 24

acute- salivation, abd pain, d+
chronic- pale MM, icterus, weakness, anorexia
(anemia, high bilirubin, azotemia)

high copper blood >1.5, increased in liver
gunmetal colour kidney

Question 25

copper toxicity tx

Answer 25

supportive, chelate w ammonium tetrathiomolybdate

Question 26

urolithiasis

Answer 26

calcium/phosphate
high concentrate, low roughage, low water, early castration

C/S- dysuria, colic signs, hematuria
dx- check penis, rectal palpation, U/S
tx- remove urethral process, perineal urethrostomy, cystotomy

prevention- water access, proper Ca/P, ammonium chloride in diet