deer/elk/bison Flashcards
most common causes of death in wapiti
multisystemic infection, GI infection
noninfectious diseases
common dx in elk
neonates:
enteritis
septicemia
pneumonia
starvation
trauma
yearlings: pneumonia, trauma, parasites
adenovirus hemorrhagic disease
cervid adenovirus 1
high mortality in mule deer
direct transmission
C/S- difficulty breathing, foaming at mouth, d+, seizures, sudden death if acute
chronic- oral ulcers, abscess, weight loss, death
no tx or prevention
parasites in elk
babesia odoceilei- spread by ticks
winter ticks
WTD mortality, causes
highest when young (before weaning)
trauma, necrobacillosis, pneumonia, salmonella
johnes in WTD
has been found un deer tissues-> intermittent shedding
occurs at younger age 5-17m
necrobacillosis in WTD
lumpy jaw- high density, hygiene, bottle feeding
caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum in white tailed deer. Oral abscesses associated with the teeth, deformation of the maxilla and mandible. Very infectious - spread via feed. If they are fed rough hay, lesions in mouth are created allowing a portal of entry for this organism. Difficult to manage - have to get them out of the pen and away from food/water sources. Associated with the presence of foot rot. Increases mortality and morbidity.
BVDV in WTD
reported in free ranging WTD
shed in nasal secretions-> non cytopathic
causes repro failure (abortion, mummification, PI fawns 67-83d)
CWD prevalence, dx
found in AB- 700 wild, fewer farmed +ve
dx- rectoanal mucosa lymphoid tissue IHC (not as sensitive as LN or tonsil biopsy)
regulation of CWD
currently open status
adding goats and cervids as livestock-> tracing, shorten time to report
report domestic movements
bison industry
meat
semen
breeding stock
hides
bison nutrition
nonselective roughage-> pasture inadequate for cows
seasonal weight gain/loss
18kg birth-> 900kg male
bison repro
seasonally polyestrous
cycle 21d
275d gestation-> calve may-july
preg dx- rectal, U/S, PSPB
rut in august, expose bull at 1:10
females transition to spontaneous ovulation by august (start w 1 wave)-> CL-> second follicle waves
bison management
no barn/shelter
calving w/o intervention
no castration, limit dehorning
minimal handling
bison meat industry
carcass prices are good if exporting-> use video ante mortem inspection
numbers/farms going up
bison tuberculosis
in wood buffalo, most infected
dx- TB testing to identify infected herds
brucellosis
in wood buffalo
causes abortion, orchitis, retained placenta
BVD bison
vx work, causes losses in feedlot
unknown if PI calves
MCF bison
ovine herpes 2 highly susceptible but can be infected without C/S
C/S- depressed, separated from herd, anorexia, bloody d+, cloudy cornea, ocular dc, nasal dc
always fatal when detected
not contagious b/w bison
bison MCF lesions
ulcerative esophagitis
hemorrhagic cystitis
hemorrhagic/ulcerative abomasitis
most common causes of death in bison
other bison diseases
PI3, BRSV- significant secondary disease
IBR
bluetongue- no C/S in experiment, no natural infection
clostridial diseases
abortion (infectious)
lepto
pasteurella, mannheimia
anthrax
mycoplasma pneumonia nad arthritis
anaplasmosis
bison johnes
in wild bison
stages:
subclinical non shedding
subclinical shedding
intermittent or permanent shedding
signs of a sick bison
stay near water (fever), frequent trips to water
droopy ears
mouth breathing
separated from herd
difficult to detect illness, become dangerous
