Diseases/Conditions that Impact Effective Treatment

Question 1

What does orthostatic hypotension post bed rest result from?

Answer 1

Decreased venous tone, which results in pooling of blood in the lower extremities that has trouble returning to the heart, which results in decreased circulating blood volume, which ultimately results in decreased cardiac output

Question 2

Location of Venous vs. Arterial Ulcers

Answer 2

Venous: Medial Malleolus

Arterial: Lateral Malleolus/ Dorsum of foot

Question 3

What is a Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) used for?

Answer 3

To measure bone mineral density

Question 4

What is Multiple Myeloma?

Answer 4

A cancer of a certain type of white blood cell called Plasma Cells. These cancerous plasma cells accumulate in bone marrow and crowd out healthy blood cells

Question 5

What is the term used for a benign cancer of blood vessels?

Answer 5

Hemiangioma

Question 6

What is the presence of Heberden and/or Bouchard Nodes indicative of?

Answer 6

Osteoarthritis

Question 7

What are Heberden and Bouchard Nodes and what is the difference between the two?

Answer 7

They are small swollen bumps on the joints of your fingers caused by osteoarthritis. Heberden nodes are located on the DIPs and Bouchard Nodes are located on the PIPs

Question 8

What skin condition is characterized by small puss-filled pimples surrounded by erythema?

Answer 8

Impetigo

Question 9

Which disease is a form of adrenal dysfunction that presents with hyperfunction of the adrenal gland, allowing for excessive amounts of cortisol (glucocorticoid) production?

Answer 9

Cushing’s Syndrome

Question 10

What are the signs and symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome?

Answer 10

Persistent hyperglycemia, growth failure, truncal obesity, purple abdominal striae, “moon shaped face”, “buffalo hump”, weakness, acne, hypertension, and male gynecomastia.

Question 11

Cushing’s syndrome may be induced by which medication?

Answer 11

Hydrocortisone

Question 12

What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?

Answer 12

Sprain: an acute injury involving a ligament

Strain: an acute injury involving a muscle, tendon, or their attachment to bone

Question 13

Describe the Sprain grades?

Answer 13

I: mild pain and swelling , little to no tear of the ligament

II: moderate pain and swelling, minimal instability of the joint, minimal to moderate tearing of the ligament, decreased range of motion

III: severe pain and swelling, substantial joint instability, total tear of the ligament, substantial decrease in range of motion

Question 14

Describe the Strain grades?

Answer 14

I: localized pain, minimal swelling, and tenderness

II: localized pain, moderate swelling, tenderness, and impaired motor function

III: a palpable defect of the muscle, severe pain, and poor motor function

Question 15

What are some neurological symptoms of a patient who has Hyperthyroidism?

Answer 15

Tremors, hyperkinesia, nervousness, emotional lability, muscle weakness/atrophy, and increased deep tendon reflexes

Question 16

What is Meningitis and what are the symptoms?

Answer 16

An infection and inflammation to the tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord (Meninges).

Symptoms include headache, fever, and stiff neck