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Dental Nursing > Diseases And Micro Biology > Flashcards

Diseases And Micro Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Hepatitis B affects which organ?

A

The liver

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2
Q

Streptococcus salivaris is present in the mouth and helps..

1) cause caries
2) plaque stick
3) create toxins
4) promote healing

A

Plaque stick

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3
Q

What type of immunity is gained from Hep B vaccination

1) passive
2) acquired
3) active
4) attained

A

3) active

You’ve actively gone to receive the vaccination

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4
Q

Which of the following diseases is it not possible to vaccinate against?

1) typhoid
2) diphtheria
3) hepatitis B
4) hepatitis C

A

4) hepatitis C

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5
Q

A micro-organism which causes no harm is know as?

A

Non pathogenic

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6
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A micro organism that has the ability to cause harm

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7
Q

Which disease must all dental personal be immunised from?

A

hep B

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8
Q

What type of micro organism is a spirochete?

A

Bacteria

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9
Q

The main micro organism found in thrush is…

1) Candida albicans
2) streptococcus mutans
3) lactobacillus acidophilus
4) Borreli Vincenti

A

1) Candida albicans

streptococcus mutans- caries & gingivitis
lactobacillus acidophilus- caries
Borreli Vincenti- ANUG

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10
Q

Which micro organism is rod shaped?

A

Bacilli

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11
Q

Following the third inoculation for hepatitis B, a blood sample is taken to check?

A

Titre levels

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12
Q

Herpes labialis is characterised by:

1) gingival swelling
2) vesicles on the lips
3) swelling of the tongue
4) white patches on the cheeks

A

2) vesicles on the lips

Sometimes said as ulcers

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13
Q

Aciclovir May be prescribed by a dentist in the treatment of which of the following?

1) Lichen planus
2) herpes simplex
3) aphthous ulcers
4) acute ulcerative gingivitis

A

2) herpes simplex

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14
Q

Immunisation encourages the body to produce

1) antigens
2) antibodies
3) antimocrobials
4) antibacterial

A

2) antibodies

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15
Q

CJD is caused by what type of micro organism?

A

Prions

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16
Q

What does acquired mean?

In terms of immunity

A

You have it for life from previous exposure to the disease

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17
Q

What does passive mean?

In terms of immunity

A

If temporarily passed from one person to another

e.g. hep B. Immunoglobulin injection given after a needle stick injury from a known HBV carrier if you have not had your full course of HBV vaccinations

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18
Q

What does natural mean?

In terms of immunity

A

You are born with it

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19
Q

What does active/ vaccinated/ recurved mean?

In terms of immunity

A

From an infection of dead, dying or weakens micro organisms of the disease, so the boosters may be needed to make them strong enough

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20
Q

Define cross infection

A

Cross infection is the transfer of pathogenic micro organisms from person to person directly or indirectly

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21
Q

What does indirect mean?

A

A third part involvement is needed

E.g. contracting a disease from touching the patients blood on a wipe and it accidentally entering your system

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22
Q

What does direct mean?

A

Touching the patient

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23
Q

What does infection control mean?

A

Infection control is preventing the transfer of pathogenic micro organisms from person to person indirectly or directly

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24
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A pathogen is a micro organism that has the ability to cause harm

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25
Q

What is the name of micro organisms that live alone?

A

Saphrophytes

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26
Q

Micro organisms living in or on another organism are called..

A

Parasites

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27
Q

What is the name of parasites which don’t cause harm?

A

Commensal

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28
Q

Parasites which can cause harm, disease and infections are called…

A

Pathogens

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29
Q

What is pathology?

A

Pathology is the study of pathogenic micro organisms and the diseases they can cause

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30
Q

What are the for main idea conditions for micro organisms to grow?

A

Warmth
Food
Moisture
Correct level of oxygen

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31
Q

What does CJD stand for?

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

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32
Q

How do you get CJD?

A

CJD can be transmitted from an affected person to others but only through injection or consuming infected brain or nervous tissue

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33
Q

What is the main way you would contract CJD in a dental practice?

A

Using CJD contaminated files from an RCT on to another patient

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34
Q

What are some symptoms of CJD?

A 
Muscle twitches and spasms 
Loss of bladder and bowel control
Blindness
Loss of speech
Swallowing difficulties 
Loss of physical co-ordination, which can affect a wide range of functions such as walking, speaking and balance.
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35
Q

What is CJD?

A

CJD is a disease which gradually destroys brain cells, it causes tiny holes in the brain. It is fatal and there is no cure.
People with CJD typically die within 6-12 months after symptoms appear- 10-20%

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36
Q

What does it mean to be a carrier?

A

You have the disease yet show no signs symptoms however you can still pass it on

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37
Q

What are the 4 micro organisms which are bacteria?

A

Spirochete
Cocci
Baccillius
Filamentos

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38
Q

What is the shape of a spirochete?

A

Spiral

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39
Q

What is the shape of a cocci?

A

Circles

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40
Q

What is the shape of a baccillius?

A

Rod shaped

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41
Q

What shape is a filamentos?

A

String/ floss shaped

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42
Q

What is a form of cocci?

A

Streptococcus viridans/ salivaris

Streptococci mutan

Straphylacocci aureus

43
Q

What does Streptococcus viridans/ salivaris cause?

A

They cause plaque to stick

44
Q

What does streptococci mutans cause?

45
Q

What does Straphylacocci aureus cause?

46
Q

What is the stem of streptococcus viridans?

47
Q

What is a form of baccillius?

A

Lactobaccilli

48
Q

What does lactobacillus cause?

A

Advanced caries

49
Q

What is a form of spirochetes?

A

Borrelli vencenti

50
Q

What does borrelli vencenti cause?

51
Q

What causes advanced caries?

A

Lactobaccilli

52
Q

What does tremponema cause?

53
Q

What is tremponema a form of?

A

Spirochetes

54
Q

What does ANUG stand for?

A

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

55
Q

What do you treat bacterial infections with?

A

Antibiotics

56
Q

What does bacteria cause?

A

ANUG, caries, abscess and helps plaque to stick

57
Q

What disease is caused by prions?

58
Q

What are prions?

59
Q

How can you prevent CJD?

A

Single use instruments and RCT files

Using protein tests in the washer disinfector and ultrasonic

60
Q

How do you do a protein test?

A

Swab instruments and equipments
Put into the brown solution
If solutions stays brown= ok
If solutions turns blue= too much protein

61
Q

What comes from fungi?

A

Candida albicans

62
Q

What does Candida albicans cause?

A

Thrush
Candidiasis/osis
Denture stomatitis
Angular chellitis

All a form of thrush

63
Q

What do you treat fungal infections with?

A

Anti fungal treatment

64
Q

What are viruses?

A

Viruses are parasitic which need a host to live, they line inside cells/bodies

65
Q

What do you treat viruses with?

A

Aciyclivar (cream/liquid)

66
Q

What diseases can you get from viruses?

A

HIV, herpes simplex/ labialis, flu, hep B and C

67
Q

What micro organism needs a host to live?

A

A parasite

From a virus

68
Q

What is a spore?

A

A micro organism that has the ability to protect itself until conditions are right

69
Q

Where can you get spores?

A

In viruses, fungi and bacteria

70
Q

What do spores do?

A

They become defensive which means they wall them self off until the conditions to thrive

They can become reproductive which means they multiply when hidden away

71
Q

Which Micro organism can become defensive and reproductive?

72
Q

What does the decontamination process get rid of?

A

Bacteria and fungi

73
Q

What does the sterilisation process kill?

A

All living micro organisms including viruses, prions and spores

74
Q

What is an effective measure in preventing the spread of infectious diseases?

A

Wearing gloves

75
Q

Instruments sterilised in a type n autoclave are pouched when?

A

After autoclave

76
Q

The pathogenic organism legionella is most commonly found where?

A

Waterlines

77
Q

Which of the following describes asepsis?

1) absence of all bacteria and spores
2) absence of bacteria and viruses
3) absence of all micro organisms
4) absence of bacteria, spores and viruses

A

3) absence of all micro organisms

78
Q

What infection hazard is produced by the use of dental handpieces?

A

Aerosol spray

79
Q

Which of the following infectious conditions of a patient is most likely to infect a member of the dental team during normal Chairside work?

1) cold sore lesion
2) dental caries
3) hep B
3) mumps

A

1) cold sore lesion

80
Q

Following infection control what is the most effective procedure to reduce cross infection from staff to patients?

A

Hand washing

81
Q

The immune response is a normal occurrence when the body tissues have been invaded by micro organisms. Which of the following are developed during this response to neutralise the poisons from the micro organisms?

1) . Antibodies
2) antigens
3) anti toxins
4) immunoglobulins

A

3) anti toxins

82
Q

Which disease presents as a swelling of either one or both parotid salivary glands, usually in children and young adults?

83
Q

Which of the following options regarding immunisation and the immune system is false?

1) brythrocytes are released during the immune response
2) immunisation results in antibodies against fatal disease
3) immunoglobulins are present in saliva
4) some people have natural immunity to disease

A

1) brythocryes are released during the immune response

84
Q

Healthy members of the dental team are unlikely to contract an infection in the workplace if they take suitable precautions and their natural defence mechanisms are intact. Which of the following events involve leucocytes fighting the pathogenic micro organisms once a dental nurse has been expose to them?

1) inflammatory response mechanism
2) immune response mechanism
3) intact skin and mucous membranes
4) personal protective equipment

A

1) inflammatory response mechanism

85
Q

A disease caused by Candida albicans is

1) caries
2) abscess
3) denture stomatitis
4) chronic periodontal disease

A

3) denture stomatitis

86
Q

A terms used for a person who has no symptoms of a disease but may pass it on is known as..

87
Q

Following the third inoculation for hepatitis B, a blood sample is taken to check?

A

Titre levels

88
Q

Bacteria- streptococcus

What disease it found?

A

Throat infections

89
Q

Bacteria- streptococcus salavaris

What disease/ problem is found?

A

Plaque, helps it to stick

90
Q

Bacteria- streptococcus viridans

What disease/ problem is found?

A

Dental absecesses

91
Q

Bacteria- staphylococcus aureus

What disease/ problem is found?

A

Staphylococcus infections in abscesses / boils

92
Q

Bacteria/ bacillus fusiforms

What disease/ problem is found?

A

Causes ANUG

93
Q

Bacteria- streptococcus mutans

What disease/ problem is found?

A

Found in dental caries

94
Q

Bacteria- lactobaccillius

What disease/ problem is found?

A

Anaerobic In plaque

95
Q

Bacteria- clostridium tetani

What disease/ problem is found?

96
Q

Bacteria- mycobacterium tuberculosis

What disease/ problem is found?

A

Tuberculosis (TB)

97
Q

Bacteria- legionellosis

What disease/ problem is found?

A

Legionella

98
Q

Virus- poliomyelitis

What disease/ problem is found?

99
Q

Virus- Hep B, C

What disease/ problem is found?

A

Hep B and C

100
Q

Virus- human immune deficiency

What disease/ problem is found?

101
Q

Virus- herpes simplex virus

What disease/ problem is found?

102
Q

Virus- varicella

What disease/ problem is found?

A

Chickenpox

103
Q

Virus- rubella

What disease/ problem is found?

104
Q

Virus- mumps

What disease/ problem is found?

Dental Nursing (11 decks)

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