Diseases and Conditions Flashcards
adhesion
abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated.
edema
abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces as a result of systemic disease or failure of the lymphatic system to drain tissue fluid from the site.
febrile
having or showing symptoms of a fever
gangrene
death and decay of soft tissue, usually caused by circulatory obstruction or infection
hernia
protrusion of any organ through the structure that normally contains it
inflammation
body defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, sometimes with loss of function.
mycosis
any fungal infection in or on the body
perforation
hole that completely penetrates a structure
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity and covers its organs, usually caused by bacteria or fungi.
rupture
sudden breaking or bursting of a structure or organ
septicemia
severe bacterial infection of the tissues that spreads to the blood; also called sepsis or blood poisoning.
suppuration
process of forming pus
abscess
localized collection of pus at the site of an infection
acne
inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin
alopecia
partial or complete loss of hair resulting from normal aging, an endocrine disorder, drug reaction, anticancer medication, or a skin disease– baldness
Bowen disease
very early form of skin cancer
cellulitis
diffuse (widespread), acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
comedo
typical small skin lesion of acne vulgaris caused by accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum plugging an excretory duct of the skin
decubitus ulcer
inflammation, sore, or skin deterioration caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position that prevents blood flow to the tissues
ecchymosis
skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from bluish black to greenish brown or yellow. Bruise
eczema
chronic inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, and scabs and accompanied by intense itching.
erythema
redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries
eschar
dead matter that is sloughed off from the surface of the skin, especially after a burn
impetigo
bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
keratosis
thickened area of the epidermis or any horny growth on the skin (callus, or wart)
lentigo
small brown macules, especially on the face and arms, brought on by sun exposure, usually in a middle-aged or older person
pallor
unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin
pediculosis
infestation with lice
petechia
minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin
pruritus
intense itching
psoriasis
chronic skin disease characterized by itchy red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery scales and caused by excessive development of the basal layer of the epidermis
purpura
any of several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into the tissues, particularly beneath the skin or mucous membranes, producing ecchymoses or petechiae
scabies
contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact
tinea
fungal skin infection whose name commonly indicates the body part affected; also called ringworm
uticaria
allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red, elevated patches called wheals or hives
verruca
epidermal growth caused by a virus; also known as warts
vitiligo
localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches
anorexia
lack or loss of appetite
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix, usually caused by obstruction or infection
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, usually as a result of chronic liver disease, a neoplasm, or an inflammatory disorder in the abdomen.
borborygmus
rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine
cholelithiasis
presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder
cirrhosis
scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease
Crohn Disease
form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract; also called regional enteritis
dysentery
inflammation of the intestine, especially in the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea.
flatus
gas in the GI tract
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus
halitosis
foul smelling breath
hematemesis
vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus
hemorrhoids
swollen varicose veins in the anorectal region categorized as external or internal
intestinal obstruction
mechanical or functional blockage of the intestines that occurs when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward through the intestinal tract because of a partial or complete blockage of the bowel.
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon
malabsorption syndrome
symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph
melena
dark, tarlike feces that contain digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach
obesity
excessive accumulation of fat
morbid
obesity in which body mass index is greater than 40
obstipation
severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction
oral leukoplakia
formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
pyloric stenosis
stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine.
regurgitation
a backward flow, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, commonly beginning in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extending upward into the entire colon.
abnormal breath sounds
abnormal sounds or noises heard over the lungs and airways
crackle
intermittent sounds caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli; rale
rhonchus
continuous sound heard during inspiration and expiration caused by secretions in the larger airways and commonly resembling snoring
stridor
high-pitched, harsh sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway
wheeze
whistling or sighing that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway
acidosis
excessive acidity of body fluids
anosmia
absence of the sense of smell
apnea
disorder in which breathing stops repeatedly during sleep, resulting in blood deoxygenation, causing patient to awaken, gasping for air; sleep apnea
atelectasis
collapsed or airless state of the lung
coryza
acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose; rhinitis
croup
common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchial passages and sometimes involving the lungs
cystic fibrosis (CF)
life threatening genetic disease causing mucus to become unusually thick and sticky, plugging tubes and ducts, especially in the lungs and pancreas
deviated nasal septum
displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils that causes reduced airflow and sometimes causes nosebleed.
epiglottitis
severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2-12 years old
epistaxis
nasal hemorrhage, nosebleed
hypoxemia
oxygen deficiency in arterial blood, sign of respiratory impairment and commonly causes hypoxia
hypoxia
oxygen deficiency in the body or a region of the body that commonly causes cyanosis
influenza
acute, contagious viral disorder of the respiratory tract, characterized by weakness, fever, chills, and muscle pain, especially in back, arms, and legs, flu.
pertussis
acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a characteristic “whoop” sound; whooping cough
pleural effusion
accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity that impairs breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs
empyema
exudative effusion characterized by collection of pus in the pleural cavity, commonly as a result of bacterial pneumonia that spreads from the lungs.
pneumothorax
presence of air in the pleural cavity, commonly caused by a blunt or penetrating chest injury or as the result of a thoracic surgery
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing; pleuritis
pulmonary edema
accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure.
pulmonary embolism
blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (such as a blood clot) that has traveled to the lungs from another part of the body.
sudden infant death syndrome SIDS
completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than age 12 months; also called crib death
tuberculosis (TB)
potentially fatal contagious disease spread through respiratory droplets, affecting any organ of the body bur primarily the lungs and causing chest pain, hemoptysis, weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats
