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Medical Terminology > Diseases and Conditions > Flashcards

Diseases and Conditions Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adhesion

A

abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated.

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2
Q

edema

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces as a result of systemic disease or failure of the lymphatic system to drain tissue fluid from the site.

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3
Q

febrile

A

having or showing symptoms of a fever

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4
Q

gangrene

A

death and decay of soft tissue, usually caused by circulatory obstruction or infection

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5
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of any organ through the structure that normally contains it

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6
Q

inflammation

A

body defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, sometimes with loss of function.

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7
Q

mycosis

A

any fungal infection in or on the body

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8
Q

perforation

A

hole that completely penetrates a structure

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9
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity and covers its organs, usually caused by bacteria or fungi.

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10
Q

rupture

A

sudden breaking or bursting of a structure or organ

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11
Q

septicemia

A

severe bacterial infection of the tissues that spreads to the blood; also called sepsis or blood poisoning.

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12
Q

suppuration

A

process of forming pus

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13
Q

abscess

A

localized collection of pus at the site of an infection

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14
Q

acne

A

inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin

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15
Q

alopecia

A

partial or complete loss of hair resulting from normal aging, an endocrine disorder, drug reaction, anticancer medication, or a skin disease– baldness

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16
Q

Bowen disease

A

very early form of skin cancer

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17
Q

cellulitis

A

diffuse (widespread), acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

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18
Q

comedo

A

typical small skin lesion of acne vulgaris caused by accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum plugging an excretory duct of the skin

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19
Q

decubitus ulcer

A

inflammation, sore, or skin deterioration caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position that prevents blood flow to the tissues

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20
Q

ecchymosis

A

skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from bluish black to greenish brown or yellow. Bruise

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21
Q

eczema

A

chronic inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, and scabs and accompanied by intense itching.

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22
Q

erythema

A

redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries

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23
Q

eschar

A

dead matter that is sloughed off from the surface of the skin, especially after a burn

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24
Q

impetigo

A

bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture

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25
Q

keratosis

A

thickened area of the epidermis or any horny growth on the skin (callus, or wart)

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26
Q

lentigo

A

small brown macules, especially on the face and arms, brought on by sun exposure, usually in a middle-aged or older person

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27
Q

pallor

A

unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin

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28
Q

pediculosis

A

infestation with lice

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29
Q

petechia

A

minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin

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30
Q

pruritus

A

intense itching

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31
Q

psoriasis

A

chronic skin disease characterized by itchy red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery scales and caused by excessive development of the basal layer of the epidermis

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32
Q

purpura

A

any of several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into the tissues, particularly beneath the skin or mucous membranes, producing ecchymoses or petechiae

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33
Q

scabies

A

contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact

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34
Q

tinea

A

fungal skin infection whose name commonly indicates the body part affected; also called ringworm

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35
Q

uticaria

A

allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red, elevated patches called wheals or hives

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36
Q

verruca

A

epidermal growth caused by a virus; also known as warts

37
Q

vitiligo

A

localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches

38
Q

anorexia

A

lack or loss of appetite

39
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix, usually caused by obstruction or infection

40
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, usually as a result of chronic liver disease, a neoplasm, or an inflammatory disorder in the abdomen.

41
Q

borborygmus

A

rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

42
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder

43
Q

cirrhosis

A

scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease

44
Q

Crohn Disease

A

form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract; also called regional enteritis

45
Q

dysentery

A

inflammation of the intestine, especially in the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea.

46
Q

flatus

A

gas in the GI tract

47
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus

48
Q

halitosis

A

foul smelling breath

49
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

50
Q

hemorrhoids

A

swollen varicose veins in the anorectal region categorized as external or internal

51
Q

intestinal obstruction

A

mechanical or functional blockage of the intestines that occurs when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward through the intestinal tract because of a partial or complete blockage of the bowel.

52
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon

53
Q

malabsorption syndrome

A

symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph

54
Q

melena

A

dark, tarlike feces that contain digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach

55
Q

obesity

A

excessive accumulation of fat

56
Q

morbid

A

obesity in which body mass index is greater than 40

57
Q

obstipation

A

severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction

58
Q

oral leukoplakia

A

formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation

59
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

60
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine.

61
Q

regurgitation

A

a backward flow, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach

62
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, commonly beginning in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extending upward into the entire colon.

63
Q

abnormal breath sounds

A

abnormal sounds or noises heard over the lungs and airways

64
Q

crackle

A

intermittent sounds caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli; rale

65
Q

rhonchus

A

continuous sound heard during inspiration and expiration caused by secretions in the larger airways and commonly resembling snoring

66
Q

stridor

A

high-pitched, harsh sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway

67
Q

wheeze

A

whistling or sighing that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway

68
Q

acidosis

A

excessive acidity of body fluids

69
Q

anosmia

A

absence of the sense of smell

70
Q

apnea

A

disorder in which breathing stops repeatedly during sleep, resulting in blood deoxygenation, causing patient to awaken, gasping for air; sleep apnea

71
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed or airless state of the lung

72
Q

coryza

A

acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose; rhinitis

73
Q

croup

A

common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchial passages and sometimes involving the lungs

74
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

life threatening genetic disease causing mucus to become unusually thick and sticky, plugging tubes and ducts, especially in the lungs and pancreas

75
Q

deviated nasal septum

A

displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils that causes reduced airflow and sometimes causes nosebleed.

76
Q

epiglottitis

A

severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2-12 years old

77
Q

epistaxis

A

nasal hemorrhage, nosebleed

78
Q

hypoxemia

A

oxygen deficiency in arterial blood, sign of respiratory impairment and commonly causes hypoxia

79
Q

hypoxia

A

oxygen deficiency in the body or a region of the body that commonly causes cyanosis

80
Q

influenza

A

acute, contagious viral disorder of the respiratory tract, characterized by weakness, fever, chills, and muscle pain, especially in back, arms, and legs, flu.

81
Q

pertussis

A

acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a characteristic “whoop” sound; whooping cough

82
Q

pleural effusion

A

accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity that impairs breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs

83
Q

empyema

A

exudative effusion characterized by collection of pus in the pleural cavity, commonly as a result of bacterial pneumonia that spreads from the lungs.

84
Q

pneumothorax

A

presence of air in the pleural cavity, commonly caused by a blunt or penetrating chest injury or as the result of a thoracic surgery

85
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing; pleuritis

86
Q

pulmonary edema

A

accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure.

87
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (such as a blood clot) that has traveled to the lungs from another part of the body.

88
Q

sudden infant death syndrome SIDS

A

completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than age 12 months; also called crib death

89
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

potentially fatal contagious disease spread through respiratory droplets, affecting any organ of the body bur primarily the lungs and causing chest pain, hemoptysis, weight loss, fatigue, and night sweats

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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