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Medical Nursing Midterm 1 > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

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0
Q

What is Collapsing Trachea

A

Weakened tracheal rings due to congenital cartilage deficit and weakened tracheal muscle

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1
Q

What is Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

Myocardial wall function is abnormal

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2
Q

What is the definitive test for collapsing trachea

A

Fluoroscopy

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3
Q

What is Gastritis

A

Inflammation caused by continuous damage to gastric mucosa

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4
Q

What is Gastric Dilatation Volvulus also known as

A

Bloat

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5
Q

What is Megaesophagus

A

Esophagus dilation and loss of motility causing regurgitation

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6
Q

What is Portosystemic Shunt

A

Vascular communication between the portal and systemic venous systems that allows blood to bypass the liver

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7
Q

What is Inflammatory Bowel Disease

A

Inflammation of the GI, stomach, small intestines and colon

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8
Q

What is the name of the uroliths in Dalmatians

A

Urate effects males only

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9
Q

What is Diabetic Ketoacidosis

A

Life threatening state of diabetes mellitus that causes secondary acidosis that leads to metabolic body shut down

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10
Q

What is hypoadrenocorticism (addisons)

A

Deficiency of glucocorticoids and mineral corticoids from adrenal gland cortex

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11
Q

What is hyperadrenalcorticism (cushings)

A

Excessive glucocorticoid secretion

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12
Q

What is Feline Hyperthyroidism

A

Excessive concentration of thyroid hormones

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13
Q

What is Canine Hypothyroidism

A

Deficiency in thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

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14
Q

What is Pyometra

A

Bacteria in the uterus caused by dilation during estrus

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15
Q

Ligaments attach what to what

A

Bone to bone

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16
Q

Tendons attach what to what

A

Muscle to bone

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17
Q

The purpose of the musculoskeletal system is

A

Locomotion and skeletal support and protection

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18
Q

Pathological symptoms for the musculoskeletal system

A

Pain
Limping
Muscle atrophy

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19
Q

Name the 7 types of fractures

A 
Comminuted
Compound 
Epiphyseal (salture harris)
Greenstick
Oblique 
Spiral
Transverse
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20
Q

Name the 4 reasons a splint is used for

A

Arthrodesis
Pressure wraps post surgery
Temporary immobilization
Wound skin shears

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21
Q

Name the 7 different types of splints

A 
Robert Jones Bandage 
Metaspoon Splint (plastic)
Mason Metaspoon Splint (metal)
Spica Splint 
Ehmer sling
Velpeau sling
Schroeder-Thomas
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22
Q

A Robert-Jones bandage is used where

A

Below stifle or elbow joint

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23
Q

Metaspoon splint provides support to injuries of

A

Distal ulna/radius
Carpus/tarsus
Metacarpus/metatarsus
Phalanges

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24
Q

Spica splint is used for immobilization of these two fractures

A

Humeral or femoral

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25
Q

Ehmer sling is used for reductions of this

A

Closed or open hip luxations

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26
Q

Velpeau sling is used for these two fractures

A

Shoulder luxations or scapular fractures

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27
Q

Schroeder-Thomas splint use to stabilize these 3 fractures

A

Radius, ulna, tibia

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28
Q

What is hip dysplasia

A

Abnormal development of coxofemoral joint

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29
Q

Im Hip Dysplasia what two diet factors should be avoided

A

Protein and calcium

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30
Q

Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO) is done to dogs with this abnormality

A

Hip dysplasia

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31
Q

Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO) is a surgery done to what type of animal

A

Young animals with hip dysplasia

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32
Q

Name the 3 surgeries that can be done to an animal with hip dysplasia

A

Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO)-young animals will prevent problem
Femoral Head and Neck Excision (FHO)-salvage procedure
Total Hip Replacement (THR)->90% success

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33
Q

What is Osteoarthritis (OA)

A

Degenerative arthritis or joint disease. Cartilage loss in the joint causing bone rubbing against bone causing pain

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34
Q

What is Panosteitis

A

Bone inflammation, involves the diaphysis and metaphysis of long bones

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35
Q

What is Osteochondrosis Dissicans (OCD)

A

Incomplete development and defect of articular cartilage (cartilage flap in joint)

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36
Q

Common cause of Osteochondrosis Dissicans (OCD) is

A

Elbow dysplasia

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37
Q

What is Elbow Dysplasia

A

Heritable disease that consists of elbow joint incongruences and malfunction that leads to osteoarthritis

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38
Q

What is Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture (RACL)

A

Cranial cruciate ligament prevents cranial movement in the stifle joint between the femur and the tibia

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39
Q

Dysmetris is

A

Abnormal muscular gait

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40
Q

Hypermetria is

A

Over stepping (goose step)

41
Q

Paresis is

A

Slight or incomplete paralysis

42
Q

Torticollis is

A

Twisting of neck head bent to chest

43
Q

Nystagmus is

A

Involuntary movement of eyes balls

44
Q

Strabismus is

A

Uncontrolled deviation of eye

45
Q

Anisocoria is

A

Unsymmetrical pupil sizes

46
Q

The olfactory nerve is responsible for what

A

Smell

47
Q

Cranial nerve I is known as

A

Olfactory nerve

48
Q

Cranial never II is known as

A

Optic

49
Q

The optic nerve is responsible for

A

Vision

50
Q

Cranial nerve III is known as

A

Oculomotor

51
Q

The oculomotor nerve is responsible for

A

Pupils PLR

52
Q

Cranial nerve IV is known as

A

Trochlear

53
Q

The trochlear nerve is responsible for

A

Eye movement (nystagmus)

54
Q

Cranial nerve V is known as

A

Trigeminal

55
Q

The trigeminal nerve is responsible for

A

Mastication facial sensation

56
Q

Cranial nerve VI is known as

A

Abducens

57
Q

The cranial nerve adbucens is responsible for

A

Eye movement strabismus

58
Q

Cranial nerve VII is known as

A

Facial

59
Q

The facial nerve is responsible for

A

Blink reflex ear movement

60
Q

Cranial nerve VIII(8) is known as

A

Vestibulocohlear

61
Q

The Vestibulocohlear nerve is responsible for

A

Hearing and balance

62
Q

Cranial nerve IX(9) is known as

A

Glossophadyngeal

63
Q

The Glossophadyngeal nerve is responsible for

A

Swallowing and gag reflex

64
Q

Cranial nerve X(10) is known as

A

Vagus

65
Q

The vagus nerve is responsible for

A

Swallowiing and gag reflex

66
Q

Cranial nerve XI(11) is also known as

A

Accessory

67
Q

The accessory nerve is responsible for

A

Neck movement

68
Q

Cranial nerve XII(12) is known as

A

Hypoglossal

69
Q

The hypoglossal nerve is responsible for

A

Tongue movement

70
Q

The term Menace means

A

Testing an animals cranial nerves (II & VII) to see if the animal will blink

71
Q

What are seizures

A

Excessive abnormal neuronal activity in the cerebral cortex

72
Q

Name the 3 phases of seizures

A

Aura
Ictal
Post ictal

73
Q

What is degenerative myelopathy

A

degeneration if axons and myelin in the spinal cord

74
Q

Canine Dilated Cardiomylo: Common causes

A

Unknown possible carnatine & taurine deficiency. Congenital

75
Q

Urinary System: purpose

A

Filter
Acid/base regulation
Chemical excretion

76
Q

Upper Respiratory Infections: diagnostic test

A

Xrays
Blood panel
Cultures
PCR panel

77
Q

Cardiovascular: reptilies/birds have how many chambers

A

3

78
Q

Cardiovascular: diagnostic test

A

Xrays
EKG
ECC
BP

79
Q

Cardiovascular: in a blood panel test, what two areas are focused on

A

Kidney

Electrolytes

80
Q

Myasthenia Gravis is also associated with

A

Megaesophagus

81
Q

Myasthenia Gravis: treatment

A 
Feeding tube
Parasympathomtic Agent (pyridostigmine-mestinon)
82
Q

Degenerative Myelopathy: treatment

A

Aminocapolic Acid (slow progression)

83
Q

Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVD): treatment

A

Corticosteroids (prednisolone)
Analgesics (butorphanol)
Muscle relaxants (methocarbamol)

84
Q

Seizures: treatment

A

Phenobarbital
Diazapam (valium)
Potassium Bromide

85
Q

Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture (RACL): treatment

A

Tibia Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO)-changes the biomechanics of the stifle joint to prevent arthritis
Tibial Tuberosity Advancement (TTA)

86
Q

Osteochondrosis Dissicans (OCD): treatment

A

Removal of cartilage flap
Chondroprotective agents (adequan,cosequin)
Corticosteroids

87
Q

Panosteitis: treatment

A

Anti-inflammatory (rimadyl,corticosteroids)

Analgesics (tornugesic, tramadol)

88
Q

Osteoarthritis (OA): treatment

A

Anti-inflammatory (carprofen, meloxicam,firoxib)
Shock wave therapy
Cold laser therapy

89
Q

Hip Dysplasia: treatment

A

Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO)-prevent further problems
Femoral Head/Neck Excision (FHO)-salvage procedure
Total Hip Replacement (THR)- >90% success

90
Q

Hip dysplasia should have a diet that is low in

A

Protein and calcium

91
Q

Fractures

A

Look at image

92
Q

Canine Hypothyroidism: treatment

A

Sodium levothyroxine (T4)

93
Q

Feline Hyperthyroidism: treatment

A

Methimazole (tapazole)

Iodine xray

94
Q

Hypoadrenocorticism is known as

A

Addison’s disease

95
Q

Hyperadrenalcorticism is also known as

A

Cushings disease

96
Q

Hyperadrenalcorticism requires a special blood test which is

A

ACTH stimulation test: high results determine cushings disease

97
Q

Low dose dexamethasone suppression test, if no suppression determination can be

A

Cushing’s disease

98
Q

High dose dexamethasone suppression test differentiates which to glands

A

Adrenal from pituitary for hyperadrenalcorticism

99
Q

Endocrine System: the blood panel tests used are

A

ACTH- test for pituitary function,cushings and Addison’s

TSH- thytropin

100
Q

Low dose dexamethasone suppression test for what

A

Adrenal function

101
Q

High dose dexamethasone suppression test for

A

Pituitary or adrenal function

Medical Nursing Midterm 1 (5 decks)

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