Diseases

Question 1

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 1

an autoimmune neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigue. Muscle weakness is caused by circulating antibodies that block acetylcholine receptors at the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction, inhibiting the excitatory effects of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine on nicotinic receptors at neuromuscular junctions.

Question 2

Paraneoplastic process

Answer 2

A paraneoplastic syndrome is a disease or symptom that is the consequence of the presence of cancer in the body but, unlike mass effect, is not due to the local presence of cancer cells. These phenomena are mediated by humoral factors (by hormones or cytokines) excreted by tumor cells or by an immune response against the tumor. Paraneoplastic syndromes are typical among middle aged to older patients, and they most commonly present with cancers of the lung, breast, ovaries or lymphatic system (a lymphoma).

Question 3

Rhabdomyolysis

Answer 3

is a condition in which damaged skeletal muscle tissue breaks down rapidly. Breakdown products of damaged muscle cells are released into the bloodstream; some of these, such as the protein myoglobin, are harmful to the kidneys and may lead to kidney failure.

Question 4

Islet-cell nesidioblastosis

Answer 4

A medical term for hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia attributed to excessive function of pancreatic beta cells with an abnormal microscopic appearance. The term has been resurrected in recent years to describe a form of acquired hyperinsulinism with beta cell hyperplasia found in adults, especially after gastrointestinal surgery.

Question 5

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1 syndrome) or Wermer’s

Answer 5

Part of a group of disorders that affect the endocrine system through development neoplastic lesions in pituitary, parathyroid gland and pancreas.