diseases

Question 1

Define Disease

Answer 1

pathological condition of body parts or tissues characterized by an identifiable group of signs or symptoms.

Question 2

define infectious disease

Answer 2

disease caused by an infectious agent such as bacterium, virus, protozon, or fungus that can be passed on to others

Question 3

define infection

Answer 3

occurs when an infectious agent enters the body and begins to reproduce, may or may not lead to disease

Question 4

define pathogen

Answer 4

infectious agent that causes disease

Question 5

define host

Answer 5

organism affected by another organism

Question 6

define virulence

Answer 6

the relative ability of an agent to cause rapid and severe disease in a host.

Question 7

Kochs Postulates:

Answer 7

1. Specific agent must be associated with every case of the disease
2. agent must be isolated from a diseased host and grown in culture
3. When the culture-grown agent is introduced into a healthy susceptible host, the agent must cause the same disease.
4. same agent must again be isolated from the infection experimental host

Question 8

most infectious agents that cause disease are…

Answer 8

microbes or microorganisms

Question 9

different groups of agents that cause diseases

Answer 9

-bacteria
-viruses
-proteins
-fungi
-helminths (animals)

Question 10

how are agents that cause infections transmitted

Answer 10

-through the air
-through contaminated food or water
-through bodily fluids
-direct contact with contaminated objects
-animal vectors (insects, birds, bats)

Question 11

Another name for Tuberculosis

Answer 11

consumption

Question 12

what was tb caused by, and what does it create

Answer 12

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, creates disease in lungs and respiratory system

Question 13

how is tb contracted

Answer 13

coughing or sneezing

Question 14

what is the incubation period for tb

Answer 14

4-12 weeks

Question 15

Pathway of tb

Answer 15

lungs>Kidney>Liver>brain

Question 16

what is the carrier of malaria

Answer 16

a vector

Question 17

what is malaria cause by

Answer 17

plasmodium protist

Question 18

where does the plasmodium protist reside (malaria)

Answer 18

female endopholes mosquito

Question 19

Symptoms of malaria

Answer 19

fever, fatigue, cough, diarrhea, neasea, vomiting, seizure

Question 20

what can malaria lead to if untreated, and further untreated

Answer 20

anemia, jaundice

coma, death

Question 21

high risk for malaria

Answer 21

Caribbean, south Asia

Question 22

malaria prevention

Answer 22

anti-malarial drugs prior, during, and after travelling

vaccine

Question 23

who was polio developed by

Answer 23

Jonas Salk

Question 24

how is polio transmitted

Answer 24

fecal, oral, airborne , contaminated food and water

Question 25

where does polio localize

Answer 25

intestines (travels to nerves and brain stem)

Question 26

polio incubation time

Answer 26

7-21 days

Question 27

polio symptoms

Answer 27

flu, muscle weakness, stiff neck, respiratory issues, hard to swallow, brain inflammation

Question 28

polio treatment

Answer 28

no treatment (iron lung)

Question 29

what does HIV stand for

Answer 29

human immunodeficiency virus

Question 30

what does aids stand for

Answer 30

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Question 31

how is HIV transmitted

Answer 31

-blood -rectal/vaginal fluid -semen -breast milk

Question 32

how is HIV not transmitted

Answer 32

-air -water -urine/feces -toilets -hugs -touching

Question 33

HIV infection path

Answer 33

stage 1-acute HIV infection stage 2- clinical latency virus multiplies in the body (little to no symptoms, up to 15 years) stage 3- can develope into aids (degeneration of immune system, weight loss) stage 4- can lead to death

Question 34

Hiv is a...

Answer 34

retrovirus (its RNA core turns to DNA)

Question 35

DNA...

Answer 35

-double strand -deoxyribos (Suger) -A-T -C-G

Question 36

RNA...

Answer 36

-single strand -ribose (sugar) -A-V C-G

Question 37

Virus Characteristics

Answer 37

1. accellular-no cytoplasm and no organelles 2. ability to mutate and change shape 3. need host to replicate 4. posses DNA or RNA but never both

Question 38

lytic infection, examples, steps

Answer 38

-results in death of host cell example: cold, flu, small pox, ebola steps: 1. attatch to host cell 2. Penetration of DNA/ RNA 3. biosynthesis 4. maturation 5. lysis (breaking open of cell)

Question 39

lysogenic infection, example, steps

Answer 39

-infection occurs but does not show symptoms for awhile example:HIV steps: 1. attachment 2. forms prophage 3. cell replication 4. dormancy/ latency 5. convert for lysogenic to lytic

Question 40

how is the flu transmitted

Answer 40

sneezing, coughing, lack of hand washing, touching surfaces, inhaling droplets

Question 41

when is the flu mostly seen

Answer 41

fall/winter

Question 42

flu incubation

Answer 42

1-4 days

Question 43

symptoms of flu

Answer 43

fever, achy joints, cold, cough, vomit, diarrhea

Question 44

flu treatment

Answer 44

tamiflu, rest, hydrate

Question 45

most at risk for flu

Answer 45

young children, old people, people with weakened immune system

Question 46

how is legionaries disease transmitted

Answer 46

air conditioning, vents, cooling towers, hot tubs, swallowing contaminated water (NOT PERSON TO PERSON)

Question 47

symptoms of legionaries disease, and if left untreated

Answer 47

shortness of breath, chest pains, bacterial pneumonia death, sepsis (blood infection)

Question 48

Legioneres disease treatment

Answer 48

antibiotic

Question 49

how is Zika virus transmitted

Answer 49

by mosquito (always female)

Question 50

how is Zika spread

Answer 50

sexual contact, blood transfusion, recieve organs form Zika infected person

Question 51

Zika incubation period

Answer 51

3-14 days

Question 52

Zika pathway

Answer 52

exposed>if pregnant> fetus In jeopardy

Question 53

symptoms of zika

Answer 53

fever, rash, muscle/joint pain, pink eye (last 7 days)

Question 54

cure for zika

Answer 54

no cure, no treatments

Question 55

Zika complications

Answer 55

pregnant women's fetus developes microphally gulliam bare syndrome neuropathy

Question 56

ebola vector

Answer 56

fruit baths

Question 57

ebola transmission

Answer 57

via infected bats or animals

Question 58

how does ebola spread

Answer 58

saliva, semen, feces, urine

Question 59

ebola incubation

Answer 59

2-21 days

Question 60

ebola symptoms

Answer 60

fever, headache, sore throat, internal bleeding

Question 61

ebola treatment

Answer 61

vaccine exist but only for one type, only prevention for that kind no other kinds