Disease States

Question 1

Anemia

Answer 1

A state in which the number of red blood cells or the hemoglobin within them is too low (below 12.1 g/dl for women and 13.8g/dl).

Question 2

What does anemia lead to?

Answer 2

Hypoxia - which is lack of oxygen in organs

Question 3

What are symptoms of anemia?

Answer 3

Malaise, weakness or fatigue, poor concentration. More serious anemia can lead to dyspnea (shortness of breath), palpitations, sweatiness, heart failure.

Question 4

What do physicians request to diagnose anemia?

Answer 4

Blood tests - CBCs (complete blood counts), and FBCs (full blood counts)

Question 5

What is anaerobic metabolism?

Answer 5

Creation of energy through combustion of carbohydrates in absence of oxygen. Occurs when lungs cannot put enough oxygen into bloodstream to meet muscle’s demands.

Question 6

Diabetes

Answer 6

a disorder of metabolism in which body does not produce or properly use insulin

Question 7

Insulin

Answer 7

a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches, and other food into energy needed for daily life

Question 8

What are complications of diabetes?

Answer 8

Blindness, kidney failure, amputation, nerve damage, stroke, heart and blood vessel disease, heart attack, delayed wound healing

Question 9

Type I Diabetes

Answer 9

Autoimmune disease

Question 10

Type II Diabetes

Answer 10

Body is usually producing enough insulin but for unknown reasons the body cannot use it effectively - eventually the body stop producing insulin

Question 11

Systolic Pressure

Answer 11

First number - pressure when heart beats

Question 12

Diastolic Pressure

Answer 12

Second number - pressure when heart is at rest

Question 13

What are categories of blood pressure?

Answer 13

Normal (less than 120/80), Pre-Hypertension (120 - 139/80-89), Stage I Hypertension (140 - 159, 90 - 99), Stage II Hypertension (160+/100+)

Question 14

Hypertension

Answer 14

Medical condition in which blood pressure is chronically elevated - makes heart work harder to pump blood to body and contributes to development of artherosclerosiss

Question 15

What are risks of hypertension?

Answer 15

Strokes, heart attacks, aneurysms, chronic renal failure, heart failure, heart and blood vessel disease

Question 16

Angina

Answer 16

chest pain when heart doesn’t pump enough oxygen

Question 17

Congestive Heart Failure

Answer 17

When heart cannot pump enough blood to meet bodies need

Question 18

Obesity

Answer 18

Having a high portion of body fat - a condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the point that it negatively affects health

Question 19

Risks of obesity (general)

Answer 19

Diabetes, heart disease, stroke, aneurysm, hypertension, osteoarthritis, gallbladder disease

Question 20

Surgical risks of the obese

Answer 20

Higher risk of infection, blood clots, wound complication, and blood loss

Question 21

Surgical difficulties of operating on the obese

Answer 21

More tissue to transect, visibility obscured, access to key structures more difficult, positioning patient is challenging