Disease Reservoirs and Transmission

Question 1

Why was John Snow’s study of Cholera and the Broad Street water pump important?

Answer 1

Showed that Cholera was being spread by fecal-oral route and the water supply.

Question 2

What bacterium did Robert Koch first isolate and then inoculate into healthy animals to cause disease, marking the beginning of modern germ theory?

Answer 2

Bacillus anthracis

Question 3

What disease did Louis Pasteur develop a vaccine against in 1881?

Answer 3

Anthrax

Question 4

Ronald Ross discovered that ______ is transmitted by mosquitoes.

Answer 4

Malaria

Question 5

Walter Reed discovered that _______ is transmitted by mosquitoes.

Answer 5

Yellow Fever

Question 6

T/F: In disease prevention, identifying the specific agent is generally the most important factor.

Answer 6

FALSE: knowing the mode of transmission is more important.

Question 7

Disease transmission is a result of interaction between host, agent, and environment. What factors make up the environment?

Answer 7

Physical properties

Animals

Built structures like barns, and the animals within them

Question 8

What is the “Chain” of Infection?

Answer 8

Pathogenic microorganism > reservoir > portal of exit > mode of transmission > means of entry > host susceptibility

Question 9

What is the difference between the latent period and the incubation period?

Answer 9

Latent period: microbe is replicating but not enough to be INFECTIOUS.

Incubation: microbe is replicating but not enough to cause SYMPTOMS. Can be infectious!

Question 10

What is the difference between a contagious disease and a communicable disease?

Answer 10

Contagious dz are transmitted via direct or airborne routes, and can be controlled with quarantine.

Communicable dz can be transmitted by direct or indirect routes (reservoir) and can’t be controlled with quarantine of infected individuals.

Question 11

What are the 3 factors that denote a reservoir?

Answer 11

Naturally infected with the pathogen

Maintains pathogen over time

Can transmit disease to a new, susceptible host

Question 12

What disease is the long-fingered bat a reservoir for?

Answer 12

Ebola

Question 13

T/F: All sick animals are reservoirs.

Answer 13

FALSE AF

Question 14

Which bacterium caused disease in multiple hare hunters in Germany?

Answer 14

Francisella tularensis

Question 15

The first hunter to be diagnosed with Tularemia, and attract the attention of public health professionals is considered the _____ ____.

Answer 15

Index case

Question 16

What is a case definition?

Answer 16

Application of uniform criteria to a patient to determine if they have a specific disease (exposure, signs, diagnostic results).

Question 17

In the Germany hare hunting case, how was Tularemia determined to have been spread?

Answer 17

Inhalation. People within 5m of where the rabbits were disemboweled and cleaned were infected.