Disease Related Malnutrition Flashcards
Define Malnutrition
a state of nutrition in which a deficiency, excess or imbalance
of energy, protein and other nutrients cause measurable adverse
effects on tissue/body form and function and clinical outcome
categorises of malnutrition
Underweight
micronutrient related (over and under)
overweight and obesity
List some consequences of malnut
higher risk of mortality
decreased quality of life
weakness, fatigue, depression
prolonged recovery time and length of hospital stays
Why treat malnut?
Reduce chronic effect of disease
improve treatment outcomes
decrease healthcare cost
improve wound healing
How is malnut recognised
Usually, screening tools. not mandated in practice
Which screening tool is most popular in IE
Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool
(MUST)
why are screening tools used?
Fast, cheap, reproducable.
What approaches are used in NT Care?
(what us done with regards to nutrition in a jospital)
Fluids and electrolytes are looked after
Intravenous or tube feeding if requiered
high protein and calorie diets are prescribed
NT supplements
WHat happens when you overfeed a patient?
Hyperglycemia, increased metabolic and respiratory stress
what happens when you underfeed a pateitn
worse N2 balance and increased lean tissue loss.
how does fluid imbalance affect assesment?
Impacts weight, therefore gives a higher or lower result, resulting in incorrect calorie prescription
How does illness affect lab results?
Illness alters metabolism, and labs will reflect illness and not NT status.
In what order is NT support provided?
Oral diet first: Fortified and high protein + energy
Supplementation second
Enteral or parenteral feeding is last resort
What is food fortification?
Adding extra ingredients to normal food to increase NT value
What is the aim of food fortification
to increase NT quality and energy intake by 500kcal per day
what is the ‘little and often approach’
6 small meals and snacks per day
describe the little and often approach
High protein and energy foods
small portions, high energy density
Give tips on fortifying food
No need to fortify everything, just fortify enough
identify which foods are eaten best and fortify does
use nutritious ingredients, not just cream and butter. (focus on micro nt just as much as macro)
Use enough to make a difference.
Examples of fortifiers
Cheese on pasta, potatoes and egg
add sugar to tea
drizzle oil on salads and veg
etc etc etc.
What is a nourishing drink?
smooties, enriched soups, milksakes, malted milk drinks, juices, hot chocolates
why should nourishing drinks be used
easy way to add calories and NT (compared to water? gimme a milkshake)
example of how to fortify nourishing drinks?
add skimmed milk powder to milkshake
Tips on increasing protein and calories?
Add butter or oil to veg
use starch veg like potatoes, corn ,peas.
overall, add gravy, cream, butter, oil to whatever can take it.
fruits with cream or icecream.
what foods are not recommended on a high cal diet?
light or diet foods
plain bevereages like water , tea, etc.
plain fruit and veg (fill you up and dont have cals)
