Disease Processes Flashcards
Infectious diseases are caused by
Bacteria entering the body
Urinary tract infection is an example.
Acute diseases have a sudden____ and for the most part a ____recovery time.
onset
short
What type of disease is Influenza?
Acute
Chronic diseases usually last longer than____ months and recovery requires ____ medication and treatment.
6 months
ongoing
Degenerative diseases occur when
aging process causes tissues to wear down.
What type of disease are Atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease?
Chronic
What type of disease is Arthritis?
Degenerative
Osteo_____ is the most common form of joint disorder.
Osteoarthritis
Arthritis is _____ of the joint.
Inflammation
Obesity, excessive kneeling/squatting, or joint injury can contribute to _____.
a breakdown of cartilage between the bones (mostly hip and knee joints)
What can happen when the cartilage wears away?
Joint stiffness and pain, less ROM (Range of motion), mobility challenges, and crepitus.
When do Infections occur?
Pathogen enters body and grows.
Treatments vary from type and location.
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder that is characterized by?
Constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles in the lungs due to inflammation.
(Medications can reverse the obstruction)
Symptoms of Asthma:
Dyspnea, tight chest, and wheezing.
What can trigger asthmatic episodes?
Allergies, smoke, chemicals, cold air, and exercise.
What is Pneumonia?
Inflammation of the lungs from an infection, air sacs fill with fluid and pus which damages breathing.
Aspiration Pneumonia results from
Inhaling foreign matter like emesis into the lungs.
Symptoms of Pneumonia:
Fever, productive cough, and fatigue.
What does COPD stand for?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
COPD is a group of chronic lung diseases like…?
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis where the airflow to lungs is progressively blocked.
What are the main causes of COPD?
Smoking and air pollution.
Patients with COPD have…
Frequent coughing, hypoxia, dyspnea, and fatigue
What is it called when abnormal cell growth causes tumors and can spread in the body?
Cancer
Hypertension is?
High blood pressure
systolic pressure is consistently 130 mm Hg or higher.
or
diastolic pressure is 80 mm Hg or higher.
What are risk factors for hypertension?
Obesity, stress, smoking, excessive alcohol, diabetes, atherosclerosis, kidney disease, some medications, and high sodium diet.
Hypertension often does not have symptoms but when they do its…
Sweating, blurry vision, fatigue, vertigo, and headache.
What is the expected blood pressure range?
Systolic mm Hg less than 120
Diastolic mm Hg less than 80
Elevated BP
Systolic mm Hg 120 to 129
Diastolic mm Hg less than 80
Hypertension stage 1 BP
Systolic mm Hg 130 to 139
Diastolic mm Hg 80 to 89
Hypertension stage 2 BP
Systolic mm Hg 140+
Diastolic mm Hg 90+
Hypertensive crisis BP
Systolic mm Hg 180+
Diastolic mm Hg 120+
CAD stands for…
Coronary Artery Disease
CAD results from
Coronary arteries narrowing because plaque build up.
Heart not receiving enough oxygen and nutrients.
What contributes to CAD?
Poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, obesity, and diabetes mellitus.
1st indication is a heart attack.
Heart Failure is a chronic disorder which…
The heart cant pump the amount of blood needed for the body.
Heart failure can result from…
An injury to the heart such as a heart attack or congenita heart defect.
or
smoking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, a sedentary lifestyle, and high cholesterol diet.
Myocardial infarction is also known as a heart attack which occurs when..
A blood clot or atherosclerosis stops blood in coronary arteries from reaching the heart.
What happens when the heart does not recieve blood and oxygen?
The heart tissue dies which is fatal.
Common manifestations of Myocardial infarction:
Lack of breath, tight or pain in chest that radiates to neck, shoulders, or arm, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting.
Heart burn type of pain and dizzy.
Cerebrovascular accident also known as a stroke occurs when…
Blood flow to the brain is blocked which will cause brain cells to die.
Mostly due to a blood clot but can also be a ruptured artery in the brain.
Stroke symptoms:
Slurred speak, paralysis, facial droop, disorientation, sudden severe headache, and losing consciousness.
Diabetes mellitus has 2 types.
Type 1, pancreas can not produce insulin and is usually manifested early in life.
Type 2, cells become resistant to the insulin produced by the pancreas.
Diabetes mellitus result in…
Fluctuating blood glucose levels.
