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HOSA Pathophysiology <3 > Disease Process and Terminology > Flashcards

Disease Process and Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Black Death (the plague)

A
  • one of the most devastating pandemics in human history killing ~25 million in 5 years
  • arrived in Europe in October 1347
  • ill were covered in black boils that ooze blood and pus
  • caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria, transmitted through fleas and can be killed with antibiotics
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2
Q

Health

A

the condition in which the human body preforms it vital functions normally

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3
Q

homeostasis

A

stable internal condition –> maintains temperature, pH, blood composition, fluid levels within a precise range

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4
Q

disease

A

disturbance in homeostasis –> deviation from normal structure/function in the body

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5
Q

pathology

A

the study of disease, specially the structural and functional changes associated with disease
–> includes study of : causes, mechanisms, signs and symptoms, treatments, and prevention

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6
Q

pathologist

A

a physician who studies and interprets the changes caused by disease

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7
Q

signs

A

evidence of disease observed on physical examination (ex. abnormal pulse)

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8
Q

symptoms

A

indications of disease reported by patient (ex.pain, dizziness)

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9
Q

asymptomatic disease

A

disease that causes no signs or symptoms

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10
Q

syndrome

A

abnormal structure or function characterized by a group of signs and symptoms that usually occur together

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11
Q

disorder

A

functional abnormality not necessarily linked to a specific cause or physical abnormality. Can be accompanied with specific signs and symptoms

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12
Q

diagnosis

A

the process of identifying a disease or disorder, using several types of info (ex. ss)

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13
Q

physical exam

A

includes:
- inspection
- palpation
- ascultation
- percussion
- vital signs

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14
Q

inspection

A

refers to a visual examinaron of the external surface of the body, movements, posture

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15
Q

palpation

A

feeling the body with fingers/hands to examine size, consistency, texture, location and tenderness

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16
Q

auscultation

A

listening to lungs, heart, intestines allows evaluation of frequency, intensity, duration, number, and quality of sounds

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17
Q

percussion

A

producing sounds by tapping on specific area of body the evaluate size, consistency, border of body organs, presence/absence of fluid in areas

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18
Q

vital signs

A

measure of various physiological statistics in order to assess basic body functions

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19
Q

biopsy

A

surgical removal and analysis of tissue samples to give info on cellular level

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20
Q

Imaging technologies

A

ex. electrocardiography (heart electrical impulses), radiography (x-rays), computer tomography/CT scan (30D images of internal structure), magnetic resonance imaging/MRI (magnetic field that creates internal images), ultrasound (interaction of low-frequency sound waves with tissue), nuclear medicine (radioactive materials to create contrast in body and help form images)

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21
Q

prognosis

A

the disease’s predicted course and outcome. may state the chances for complete recovery, predict permanent loss of function, or give probability for survival

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22
Q

acute disease

A

a sudden onset and short duration (ex. flu)

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23
Q

terminal disease

A

disease that will end in death

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24
Q

chronic disease

A
  • slower, less severe onset and a long duration (ex. cancer)
  • account for 7/10 deaths in US, 6/10 deaths worldwide
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25
Q

leading cause of death

A
  • differ among countries depending on income level and economic development
  • chronic disease : leading cause for wealthy Western countries
  • infectious disease : leading cause for low-income countries
26
Q

4 leading-causes of death in 2030

A
  • heart disease
  • stroke
  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • lower respiratory infections (mainly pneumonia)
27
Q

remission

A
  • a period during which the dishes and symptoms of a disease subside/disappear
  • NOT considered a cure
28
Q

exacerbation

A
  • SS grow more severe
  • certain disease are characterized by period of remission + exacerbation (ex. leukaemia)
29
Q

relapse

A

the return of a disease weeks/months after apparent cure

30
Q

complication

A

related disease or abnormal state that develops in a person already suffering from disease

31
Q

sequela

A

aftermath of a particular disease (ex. sequela of polio is paralysis)

32
Q

mortality

A

of deaths that occur among people with a certain idsease

33
Q

morbidity

A

incidence of a disease –> # of case of a disease in a population

34
Q

prevalence

A

% of population that is affected with a particular disease at a give time

35
Q

epidemiology

A

the study of occurrence, transmission, distribution, and control of disease

36
Q

etiology

A

cause

37
Q

pathogenesis

A

how the cause of a disease leads to changes in body that result in the disease

38
Q

idiopathic

A

if the cause of the disease in unknown

39
Q

hereditary

A

abnormality in genes/chromosomes that cause a disease

40
Q

congenital

A

disease that exists/date from birth; can be acquired through heredity or development in uterus

41
Q

degenerative

A

disease in which function/structure of affected tissues/organs progressively deteriorate over time

42
Q

inflammatory, autoimmune, allergic

A

disease result of abnormal immune function; infectious disease caused by pathogens

43
Q

neoplastic

A

disease that results from abnormal growth that leads to the formation of tumours

44
Q

metabolic

A

disease disrupting normal metabolism (process of converting food to energy)

45
Q

traumatic

A

disease caused by physical/chemical injury

46
Q

nutritional

A

disease caused by over/under-consumption of nutriments

47
Q

risk factors

A
  • increase person’s chance of developing a disease
  • not = to etiology(cause)
  • not guaranteed to get disease
48
Q

modifiable risk factors for chronic illness

A
  • lack of physical activity
  • poor nutrition
  • tobacco use
    excessive alchohol consumption
49
Q

lack of physical activity

A

adults should do:
- strength + flexibility training at least 2/week
- engage in 150 min of moderate aerobic activity or
- 75 min of vigorous aerobic activity

50
Q

poor nutrition

A
  • make half of plate veggies + fruits
  • switch to skim or 1% milk
  • make half of grains whole
  • vary protein
  • cut back foods high in solid fats, added sugars, salt
51
Q

tobacco use

A
  • smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in US
52
Q

excessive alcohol consumption

A
  • moderate consumption: up to 1 drink/day for women, 2 drinks/day for men
53
Q

how to decrease the burden of diseases

A
  1. be physically active
  2. eat wisely
  3. maintain a healthy weight
  4. be tobacco free
  5. limit alcohol
  6. get recommended screening tests and immunizations
  7. manage stress
54
Q

core components of hatha yoga

A
  1. poses: series of movements design to increase strength + flexibility
  2. breathing: control your body and quiet your mind
55
Q

preventing falls

A
  1. be physically active
  2. be mindful of medications
  3. keep your vision sharp
  4. eliminate hazards at home
56
Q

treatment

A

aims to cure a disease or reduce the severity of its signs and symptoms

57
Q

symptomatic treatment

A

if cause is unknown, designed to relieve and manage the symptoms of the disease without addressing the cause
ex. common cold, hay fever have no cure, but medical treatment provides relief

58
Q

palliative treatment

A

provides comfort and relief pain (ex. treatment for terminal cancer)

59
Q

medical (pharmacologic) procedures

A

uses specific drugs to cure or relieve signs and symptoms

60
Q

psychiatric and psychological treatment

A

used for mental disorders such as anxiety or depression

HOSA Pathophysiology <3 (6 decks)

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