disease process 2

Question 1

affect the upper urinary tract (kidneys and ureters), the lower urinary tract (bladder and urethra) or both. primarily caused by bacteria, most frequently gram-negative organisms

Answer 1

urinary tract infection

Question 2

a clinical state characterized by proteinuria, edema, hyperlipidemia, and hypoproteinemia. comes in 3 forms: 1. idiopathic or primary 2. secondary, occuring as a result of glomerular damage caused by a known etiology 3. congenitally

Answer 2

nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)

Question 3

a blockage of the flow of urine out of the body. It is a common cause of acute and chronic renal failure and may result from a wide variety of pathologic processes, intrinsic and extrinsic to the urinary system.

Answer 3

urinary obstruction

Question 4

a specific type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that generally begins in your urethra or bladder and travels up into your kidneys.

Answer 4

pyelonephritis

Question 5

most common renal and intraabdominal malignant tumor of childhood, accounting for 20% of solid tumors in children

Answer 5

Wilms tumor

Question 6

failure of testes to descend into the scrotum

Answer 6

cryptorchidism

Question 7

inflammation of the pharynx, frequently occurs between ages 4 and 12 years of age, when children are increasingly exposed to infections outside the home

Answer 7

acute pharyngitis

Question 8

masses of lymphoid tissue located in the pharyngeal cavity believed to protect the respiratory and alimentary tracts from invasion by pathogenic microorganisms

Answer 8

tonsillitis

Question 9

acute viral disease of childhood, marked by a resonant barking cough, suffocative and difficult breathing, and laryngeal spasm

Answer 9

croup

Question 10

inflammation of the tissue that covers the trachea (windpipe). It is a life-threatening disease.

Answer 10

epiglottitis

Question 11

inflammation of the large airways, the trachea, and the bronchi. It usually follows an upper respiratory infection and is almost always viral in orign

Answer 11

bronchitis

Question 12

swelling and inflammation of the main air passages to the lungs. This swelling narrows the airways, making it harder to breathe and causing other symptoms, such as a cough.

Answer 12

acute bronchiolitis

Question 13

a chronic bacterial lung infection caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 13

pulmonary tuberculosis

Question 14

multiorgan disease, a child inherited the defective gene from both parents, this disorder of the exocrine glands, with the characteristic presence of excessive thick mucus that obstructs the lungs and the gastrointestinal system

Answer 14

cystic fibrosis

Question 15

acute inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma (tissue), small airways, and alveoli. classification of pneumnoa is by the causative agent: bacterial, viral, mycoplasmal, or foreign body aspiration

Answer 15

pneumonia

Question 16

chronic inflammatory disorder of the ariways in which many cells play a role

Answer 16

asthma

Question 17

facial malformations that occur during embryologic development

Answer 17

cleft lip palate

Question 18

when the body loses more fluid than it absorbs, as in the presence of diarrhea or when it absorbs less water than it excretes, as in the presence of vomiting.

Answer 18

dehydration

Question 19

a disturbance in intestinal motility, characterized by an increase in frequency, fluid content, and volume of stools

Answer 19

gastroenteritis (diarrhea)

Question 20

passage of hardened stools, and it often occurs in association with failure to completely evacuate the colon with defacation

Answer 20

constipation

Question 21

effortless regurgitation of the gastric contents into the esophagus

Answer 21

gastroesophageal reflux

Question 22

an obstructive disorder in which the gastric outlet is mechanically obstructed by a congenitally hypertrophied pylori muscle

Answer 22

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Question 23

the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children between 3 months and 6 years of age

Answer 23

intussusception

Question 24

protrusion of organs or portions of an organ through a structural defect or weakened muscle wall

Answer 24

hernia

Question 25

develops when the small intestine does not make enough of an enzyme called lactase. The body needs this enzyme to digest lactose.

Answer 25

lactose intolerance

Question 26

an abnormal dilation of the colon (a part of the large intestine). The dilation is often accompanied by a paralysis of the peristaltic movements of the bowel.

Answer 26

megacolon