disease process Flashcards
when does disease occur?
when the body systems are unable to maintain
infectious disease
when bacteria enters the body
has a sudden onset, short recovery time (mostly)
Ex: flu/cold
acute disease
last longer than 6 months, recovery time usually involves ongoing medications & treatment
Ex: diabetes/coronary artery disease
chronic disease
aging process causes tissue in the body to wear down
Ex: arthritis
degenerative disease
inflammation of the joint
stiffness, pain, decreased ROM, mobility changes, crepitus
causes from obesity, excessive kneeling/squatting , joint injury can cause breakdown of cartilage between the bones
osteoarthritis
how do infections happen
pathogens enter the body, grows, and multiplies
constriction of the bronchi/bronchioles caused by inflammation
s/s: dyspnea, chest tightness, wheezing
triggered by allergies, smoke, chemicals, cold air, exercise
asthma
inflammation of the lungs due to infection
- air sacs fill with fluid & pus
s/s: fever, productive cough, and fatigue
pneumonia
inhaling foreign matter (food/emesis)
aspiration pneumonia
group of chronic lung disease (emphysema & chronic bronchitis)
airflow to the lungs is progressively obstructed
causes: smoking/air pollution
s/s: coughing, hypoxia, dyspnea, & fatigue
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
abnormal cell growth
- causes tumor
- can potentially spread to other parts of the body (matastized)
cancer
emesis is…
throw up
what happens if cancer gets to your lymph nodes
it is able to spread to any part of the body
when the systolic pressure is constantly 130mmHg or higher, or the diastolic is 80mmHg or higher
hypertension
what are risk factors of hypertension?
obesity, stress, smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption, diabetes, atherosclerosis(plaque build up in the arteries), kidney disease, certain medications, and a high sodium diet
what are the s/s of hypertension?
sweating, blurred vision, fatigue, vertigo(off-balance), & headaches
- symptoms are not always present in patients
what is the best solution to hypertension?
diet modification (low sodium diet)
expected reference range for BP
systolic- less than 120
diastolic- less than 80
systolic - 120 to 129
diastolic - less than 80
elevated BP
systolic - 130 to 139
diastolic - 80 to 89
high blood pressure stage 1
systolic - 140 or greater
diastolic - 90 or greater
high blood pressure stage 2
systolic - 180 or greater
diastolic - 120 or greater
hypertension crisis
narrowing of the arteries due to plaque build up. the heart doesn’t receive adequate oxygen and nutrients. the first sign is a heart attack
coronary artery disease
what are the risk factors of CAD?
obesity, poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, diabetes mellitus
chronic disorder where the heart cannot pump adequate amounts of blood to the whole body. results from a heart attack or congenital heart defect.
heart failure
what are the risk factors of heart failure?
smoking, obesity, lack of exercise, poor diet, hypertension, diabetes mellitus
what is a myocardial infarction?
occurs as a result of a blood clot or atherosclerosis preventing blood in the coronary arteries from reaching the heart. the heart tissue dies.
what are the s/s of a myocardial infarction
- diaphoresis (cold sweats), nausea, SOB, dizziness, tightness in upper body
what is a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
stroke
what is occurring during a stroke
occurs when the blood flow to a part of the Brian is blocked, causing brain cells to die or an artery rupture
s/s of a CVA (stroke)
slurred speech, paralysis, facial droop, severe headache, loss of consciousness
the pancreas is unable to produce insulin, this type is usually manifest early in life
- insulin dependent
type 1 diabetes mellitus
cells in the body have become resistant to insulin the body produces
- can be controlled and isn’t insulin dependent
type 2 diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus
split into 2 types
blood sugar levels are constantly fluctuate
