Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular REVISION > Disease of the heart muscle, pericardium and endocarditis > Flashcards

Disease of the heart muscle, pericardium and endocarditis Flashcards

1
Q

Define acute myocarditis

A

acute inflammation of the myocardium. The heart becomes flabby with focal haemorrhages and inflammatory infiltrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the symptoms of acute myocarditis

A

fever
chest pain
SOB
palpations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the sign of acute myocarditis

A

Arrhythmia

Cardiac failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acute myocarditis aetiology

A

mainly caused by enteroviruses - Coxseickie A +B, Echovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you diagnose acute myocarditis

A

viral PCR
Throat and stool swap for enterovirus
Throat swab for echovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What investigation finding would you discover in acute myocarditis

A

CXR: cardiac enlargement
ECG: ST elevation or deprivation, T wave inversion, arrhythmia, heart block
Elevated CK / Troponium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How would you treat Acute Myocarditis

A

Treat underlying cause of infection
Antibiotics if necessary
Bed rest
ACEI, B-blockers, Spironolactone, Digoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Hypertrophy in the absence of other disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in children / young people

A

Hypertrophic (OBSTRUCTIVE) cardiomyopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which disease is autosomal dominant, which many of the mutations in genes encoding for sacromeric proteins

A

HOCM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of HOCM

A 
Asymptomatic
Chest pain, dyspnoea, syncope
LVOT obstruction
Double apex pulsation
S4
Jerky carotid pulse
Systolic murmur
Hypertrophy affecting IV septum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ECG: LV hypertrophy, Q waves inferolaterally
ECHO: diagnostic ASYMMETRY

A

HOCM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment of HOCM

A

treat symptoms
mild - amiodarone
b-blockers +/- verapamil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

‘banana shaped LV cavity’

A

HOCM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which kind of murmur is HOCM quite often associated with

A

mitral regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A dilated flappy heart of unknown cause that is congenitally X-linked

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Symptoms and signs of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

arrhythmias, HF, thrombembolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Investigation findings from Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

CXR: cardiac enlargement
ECG: ST changes, arrhythmias
ECHO: dilated chambers
ANGIOGRAPHY: to exclude CHD

19
Q

Treatment of Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

manage HF

cardiac resync therapy

20
Q

Cardiomyopathy that has decreased volume of both ventricles w/ bi-atrial enlargement, normal wall thickness and impaired filling

A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

21
Q

Very rare, associated with amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, endocardial fibrosis

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

22
Q

Symptoms and signs of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

HF symptoms, increased JVP, Hepatomegaly, Oedema, Ascities

23
Q

Treatment of restrictive cariomyopathy

A

TREAT CAUSE

24
Q

Inflammation of the pericardium

A

acute pericarditis

25
Q

Causes of acute pericarditis

A

Viruses, Bacterial, Fungi, MI, Drugs, trauma, surgery, malignancy, radiotherapy, sarcoidosis…etc…

26
Q

Clinical features of acute pericarditis

A

central chest pain - worse on inspiration or lying flat
pericardial friction rub
pericardial effusion / pericardial tamponade
fever ?

27
Q

high-pitched scratching noise

A

pericardial friction rub

28
Q

Saddle-shape of ECG

A

acute pericarditis

29
Q

Treatment of acute pericarditis

A

analgesia - ibuprofen
treat the cause
steroids

30
Q

Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac

A

pericardial effusion

31
Q

Clinical features of pericardial effusion

A

Dyspnoea
raised JVP
Bronchial breathing - lung base

32
Q

To diagnose pericardial effusion

A

CXR - large, globular heart

ECG - low voltage QRS complexes and alternating QRS morphologies

33
Q

Management of pericardial effusion

A

treat the cause - NSAID, Steroids, antibiotics
Pericardiocentesis - diagnostic
echo

34
Q

Describe constrictive pericarditis

A

the heart is encased in a rigid pericardium

35
Q

What are the causes of constrictive pericarditis

A

Unknown in UK
TB in other countries
Pericarditis

36
Q

Clinical features of constructive pericarditis

A 
R.HF : raised JVP
Kussmaul's sign
soft, defuse apex
quiet heart sounds
pericardial knock
hepatosplenomegaly
acities
oedema
37
Q

Investigations for constrictive pericarditis

A

CXR - small heart +/- peripheral calcification

38
Q

Management of constrictive pericarditis

A

surgical excision

39
Q

Accumulation of pericardial fluid raises intrapericardial pressure, hence poor ventricular filling and fall in cardiac output

A

cardiac tamponade

40
Q

causes of cardiac tamponade

A 
pericarditis 
aortic dissection
haemodialysis
warfarin
transmural puncture
MI
41
Q

Signs of cardiac tamponade

A 
Pulsus paradoxus,
decreased blood pressure
increased pulse
increased JVP
Kussmaul's sign
muffled S1 and S2
42
Q

Treatment of xardiac tamponade as a complication of an MI

A

pericardial aspiration

surgery

43
Q

CXR: large globular heart
ECG: low voltage QRS complexes + alternating QRS morphologies

A

pericardial effusion

Cardiovascular REVISION (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions