Congenital Heart Disease

Question 1

cyanotic conditions

Answer 1

• transposition of the great arteries
• tetralogy of fallot
• tricuspid atresia
• pulmonary atresia w/ intact ventricular septum
• total anomalous pulmonary venous connections

Question 2

continous machinery murmur

Answer 2

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 3

treatment for transposition of the great arteries

Answer 3

PGE2
This keeps the ductus arterioles patent allowing some oxygen to reach the tissues and organs before surgery
Surgery

Question 4

Clinical signs of cardiac failure

Answer 4

• failure to thrive
• slow / reduced feeding
• breathlessness
• sweatiness
• hepatomegaly
• crepitations

Question 5

Three shunts in foetal circulation

Answer 5

1. ductus venous
2. foramen ovale
3. ductus arteriosus

Question 6

PFO - patent foramen oval remain open in

Answer 6

30/35% of the population

Question 7

What implications does a PFO have on a patient

Answer 7

stroke

migrane

Question 8

When the foramen oval closes it becomes

Answer 8

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 9

Persistant Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN)

Answer 9

Shunt remain (PFO/PDA)
Blue baby

Question 10

What are the four criteria of Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 10

1. ventricular septal defect
2. right sided ventricular outflow obstruction (pulmonary stenosis)
3. right ventricular hypertrophy
4. overriding aorta

Question 11

When does finger clubbing appear in a CHD baby

Answer 11

3 months

Question 12

What is the most common heart disease presenting with cyanosis within the first day of birth?

Answer 12

TGA

Transposition of the Great Arteries

Question 13

Treatment of TGA

Answer 13

Prostaglandin E2

Atrial Septostomy

Question 14

Which septal defect DOES NOT cause cyanosis unless very very severe?

Answer 14

atrial septal defect

Question 15

CHD that shows a boot-shaped heart on CXR

Answer 15

tetralogy of fallot

Question 16

Commonest Atrial septal defect

Answer 16

Ostium secundrum

Question 17

Which Atrial septal defect can cause AV valve abnormality

Answer 17

Osmium primum

Question 18

ASD symptoms

Answer 18

• pulmonary hypertension
• cyanosis
• arrhythmia
• haemoptysis
• chest pain

Question 19

CHD to cause wide-spitting S2 and a pulmonary ejection systolic murmur

Answer 19

ASD

Question 20

CHD with harsh pan systolic murmur hears @ sternal edge with systolic thrill

Answer 20

VSD

Question 21

CHD causing radio femoral delay, weak femoral pulse

Answer 21

correction of the aorta

Question 22

Complications of Coarction of the Aorta include

Answer 22

HF and infective endocarditis

Question 23

CXR : rib notching

Answer 23

correction of the aorta

Question 24

Treatment for correction of the aorta

Answer 24

surgery / balloon stunting