Disease Of Organ Systems GENITOURINARY - 34% Flashcards
Syphilis? cause?
Spirochete infection Treponema pallidum
What is the primary stage of syphilis
Painless hard genital ulcer-chancre that disappears spontaneously
What is the secondary stage of syphilis?
Generalized maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy and condylomata Alta (flat-topped genital warts)
What is the latent stage of syphilis?
Asymptomatic
What is the tertiary stage of syphilis
thoracic aortic aneurysm Argyll-Robertson pupil Gummas Charcot’s joint General Paralysis of the Insane Tabes dorsalis
Gummas
Chronic granulomas our lesions in the bone and soft tissue
Argyll-Robertson pupil
easily accommodates, slow to react to light)
Charcot’s joint
Grossly destroyed joint due to loss of pain
Gabe’s dorsalis
Dorsal column disease
Chancroid? Cause?
Hemophilus ducreyi
Bacterial infection
Painful soft yellow genital ulcers (ducreyi makes you cry)
Painful swollen inguinal nodes
Granulomas inguinale? Cause?
Klebsiella (formally Calymmatobacterium) granulomatis
Bacterial infection
Painless beef red genital lockers
Herpes genitalis
HHV type 2 infection
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Chlamydia trachomatis Type L1-3 Bacterial infection Transient genital ulcer Bulbous Sign of the groove in the inguinal region Rectal stricture
Buboes
Swollen painful lymph nodes
Urethritis
Inflammation the urethra
Caused by chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhea infection
Chlamydia urethritis
Chlamydia trachomatis
Most common cause of urethral discharge
Dysuria
What is the most common cause of urethral discharge in the USA?
Chlamydia urethritis
Gonococcal urethritis? What might is cause
Neisseria gonorrhea
Second most common cause of urethral discharge in the US
- purulent penile discharge, dysuria and infection of Bartholin’s gland in females
- may cause ophthalmia neonatorum
- may also cause septic arthritis
What is the second most common cause of urethral discharge in the USA
Gonoccoccal urethritis (neisseria gonorrhea)
Vulvovaginitis
Candida albicans infection, opportunistic infection seen more commonly in females
- thick cheesy vaginal discharge wth itching
- recent antibiotics and diabetes mellitus
Condylomata accuminata
HPV infection
Most common STD in the USA
Affects more women than men
Type 16 and 18 are associated with cervical cancer
Cauliflower-type warts (compared to the flat-topped warts seen in secondary syphilis)
What is the difference between condyloma accuminata and condylomata lata
C.A = a valvular infection due to HPV which presents as a cauliflower-type wart
C.L = in the second stage of syphilis due to treponema pallidum which presents as a flat topped genital wart
Bacterial vaginosis caused by? Sx? Dx?
Gardnerella species
- fishy smelling watery vaginal discharge
- clue cells +++ (vaginal epithelial cells studded by numerous bacteria)
- Whiff test - amines are released when the slide is flooded with KOH
Trichomoniasis caused by? Sx? Dx?
Trichomonas vaginalis
- motile protozoan infection
- malodorous green frothy discharge
- motile flagellates seen on wet mount preparation
Cervical carcinoma cause? Sx?
squamous cell cancer
- HPV type 16 and 18
- post-coital bleeding (bleeding after sex)
Cervicitis cause? Sx?
Chlamydia (most common) or gonococcal infection
- pus from external os
- may be part of pelvic inflammatory disease
PID? Causes? Sx?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
- chlamydia, gonorrhea, E. Coli
- infection of the cervix, uterus, uterine tube and pelvic connective tissue
- lower abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pain on cervical movement
Salpingitis
Inflamed tube seen in PID
- may results in an abscess formation
- may heal with fibrosis and partial obstruction of the tube
- leading to an ectopic pregnancy or infertility
TORCHeS infections
Infection caused by microbes which pass from mother to the fetus
Toxoplasmosis OtHers including HIV ad Hepatitis B Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex type II Syphilis
All of the TORCHeS can be transmitted across the placenta except
Herpes simplex Type II which is transmitted to the baby as it passes through the birth canal of a mother infected with the virus during labor
