disease + defences in plants Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

what are the 3 main ways disease spreads in plants

A

directly
indirectly
through vectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is direct transmission in plants

A

a pathogen spreads when a healthy plant touches part of an infected plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is indirect transmission in plants

A

pathogens spread through contaminated soil, infected plants leave pathogens in soil which spread to the next crop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is vector transmission in plants

A

pathogens spread through wind, water, humans, or other animals from infected to healthy plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what 4 factors can increase the rate of transmission in plants

A

changing temperatures
dampness or moisture
overcrowding crops
nourishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

give 4 examples of physical defences to pathogens in plants

A

cellulose cell wall
waxy cuticle
guard cells
callose deposits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how does a cellulose cell wall protect plants from pathogens

A

it is a physical barrier against pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how does the waxy cuticle protect plants from pathogens

A

prevents water collecting on surface, pathogens need water to survive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how do guard cells protect plants from pathogens

A

closes the stomata which prevents pathogens from entering the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how do callose deposits protect plants from pathogens

A

it is synthesised and deposited between the cell wall, cell membrane, plasmodesmata, and in phloem sieve plates, which prevents pathogens from travelling inside the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is callose

A

a carbohydrate polysaccharide molecule made of B-glucose attached with 1-3 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds to form a helical structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

outline the process of a plant cell responding to a pathogen attack

A
  • pathogen releases chemicals / pathogenic enzymes to break down the cell wall
  • plant cells can detect these enzymes or cell wall break down products through receptors in membrane
  • signalling molecules alert nucleus
  • the nucleus responds in 3 ways:
    synthesising polysaccharides e.g. lignin and callose
    producing signalling chemicals to alert other cells
    producing defensive chemicals to attack the pathogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly