Disease Flashcards
Define disease
A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal or plant, especially one that produces specific symptoms or affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury
What causes infectious diseases?
Pathogens and can be transmitted between hosts
Pathogen
A biological agent that causes diseases
Micro organism
Microscopic single celled oraganism
Host
A person infected with a pathogen
Transmission
The movement of a pathogen between hosts
Vector
A biological agent that transmits a pathogen but is not necessarily harmed by it
Non infectious disease
They are the result of a bodily process not working correctly
What causes non-infectious dieseases
Genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors
Name three types of infectious diseases
Ebola, whooping cough and influenza
Name three types of non-infectious diseases
Autism, lung cancer and asthma
What are the types of pathogens?
Bacteria, prions, fungi, viruses, macroscopic parasites and protozoa
What are the 3 shapes of bacteria?
Cocci(round), bacilli(rods) and spirilla(spirals)
What an example of a disease caused by cocci?
Golden staph
Disease caused by virus
Conjunctivitis
Protozoa
Malaria
Fungi
Thrush
Proins
Mad cow disease
Macroscopic parasites
Worms
Lung cancer is caused by
Lifestyle choices
Ms is caused by
Genetic factors
Lead poisoning is caused by
Environmental factors
What pathogen causes HIV Aids?
The human immunodeficiency virus
How is HIV Aids transmitted?
Blood
What are the symptoms of HIV Aids?
Lack of energy Weight loss Fevers/sweats Yeast infections Rashes/flacky skin Short term memory loss Herpes
Prevention of HIV Aids
Contraceptives, not sharing needles, a drug-truvada-can help, getting medical help while pregnant can significantly reduce the risk of the baby being born with it
Treatment of HIV Aids
Therapy (ART) can be used to slow the progression of the virus
Endemic
A disease that regularly effects a small number of people in the population
Epidemic
Higher than normal numbers are affected by a particular disease in a certain place
Outbreak
A disease that suddenly got out of control
Pandemic
Outbreak that goes global crossing continental boarders, everyone is at risk
Define health
Health is state of complete mental, physical and social wellbeing and not barely the absence of disease
What are the three lines of defence?
Physical barriers, non specific response and immune response
What are your physical barriers?
Your skin(microorganisms can’t penetrate it), mucous membranes(digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary tracts have mucous which have an antibody which prevents pathogens invading) and cilia (tiny ‘hairs’ that line respiratory tract and catch pathogens)
What does your non-specific response do?
Inflammation response (blood circulation increases so more white blood cells can come, and more toxins can be removed) and phagocytes(pac man, and when they eat the foreign material they die, and become pus)
What is the immune response?
Acquired immunity. An antigen(bad) is eaten by a phagocyte. The phagocyte shows the antigen on its surface. An antibody(T helper) then recognises the antigen then signals other antibodies to kill this antigen.
What is natural immunity?
When you’ve had a disease its harder to catch it again
What is artificial immunity?
Artificially stimulating the body to fight an antigen without previously having the disease
What is passive immunity.
When you inject antibodies into someone
What is active immunity?
When you’re vaccinated with a weak or related version of the disease
