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Science-Yearlys > Disease > Flashcards

Disease Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define disease

A

A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal or plant, especially one that produces specific symptoms or affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury

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2
Q

What causes infectious diseases?

A

Pathogens and can be transmitted between hosts

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3
Q

Pathogen

A

A biological agent that causes diseases

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4
Q

Micro organism

A

Microscopic single celled oraganism

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5
Q

Host

A

A person infected with a pathogen

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6
Q

Transmission

A

The movement of a pathogen between hosts

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7
Q

Vector

A

A biological agent that transmits a pathogen but is not necessarily harmed by it

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8
Q

Non infectious disease

A

They are the result of a bodily process not working correctly

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9
Q

What causes non-infectious dieseases

A

Genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors

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10
Q

Name three types of infectious diseases

A

Ebola, whooping cough and influenza

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11
Q

Name three types of non-infectious diseases

A

Autism, lung cancer and asthma

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12
Q

What are the types of pathogens?

A

Bacteria, prions, fungi, viruses, macroscopic parasites and protozoa

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13
Q

What are the 3 shapes of bacteria?

A

Cocci(round), bacilli(rods) and spirilla(spirals)

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14
Q

What an example of a disease caused by cocci?

A

Golden staph

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15
Q

Disease caused by virus

A

Conjunctivitis

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16
Q

Protozoa

A

Malaria

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17
Q

Fungi

A

Thrush

18
Q

Proins

A

Mad cow disease

19
Q

Macroscopic parasites

A

Worms

20
Q

Lung cancer is caused by

A

Lifestyle choices

21
Q

Ms is caused by

A

Genetic factors

22
Q

Lead poisoning is caused by

A

Environmental factors

23
Q

What pathogen causes HIV Aids?

A

The human immunodeficiency virus

24
Q

How is HIV Aids transmitted?

A

Blood

25
Q

What are the symptoms of HIV Aids?

A 
Lack of energy
Weight loss
Fevers/sweats
Yeast infections
Rashes/flacky skin
Short term memory loss
Herpes
26
Q

Prevention of HIV Aids

A

Contraceptives, not sharing needles, a drug-truvada-can help, getting medical help while pregnant can significantly reduce the risk of the baby being born with it

27
Q

Treatment of HIV Aids

A

Therapy (ART) can be used to slow the progression of the virus

28
Q

Endemic

A

A disease that regularly effects a small number of people in the population

29
Q

Epidemic

A

Higher than normal numbers are affected by a particular disease in a certain place

30
Q

Outbreak

A

A disease that suddenly got out of control

31
Q

Pandemic

A

Outbreak that goes global crossing continental boarders, everyone is at risk

32
Q

Define health

A

Health is state of complete mental, physical and social wellbeing and not barely the absence of disease

33
Q

What are the three lines of defence?

A

Physical barriers, non specific response and immune response

34
Q

What are your physical barriers?

A

Your skin(microorganisms can’t penetrate it), mucous membranes(digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary tracts have mucous which have an antibody which prevents pathogens invading) and cilia (tiny ‘hairs’ that line respiratory tract and catch pathogens)

35
Q

What does your non-specific response do?

A

Inflammation response (blood circulation increases so more white blood cells can come, and more toxins can be removed) and phagocytes(pac man, and when they eat the foreign material they die, and become pus)

36
Q

What is the immune response?

A

Acquired immunity. An antigen(bad) is eaten by a phagocyte. The phagocyte shows the antigen on its surface. An antibody(T helper) then recognises the antigen then signals other antibodies to kill this antigen.

37
Q

What is natural immunity?

A

When you’ve had a disease its harder to catch it again

38
Q

What is artificial immunity?

A

Artificially stimulating the body to fight an antigen without previously having the disease

39
Q

What is passive immunity.

A

When you inject antibodies into someone

40
Q

What is active immunity?

A

When you’re vaccinated with a weak or related version of the disease

Science-Yearlys (5 decks)

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