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Science-Yearlys > Body Co-ordination > Flashcards

Body Co-ordination Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why do multicellular organisms have to have specialised systems?

A

As more cells come together it becomes harder for them to get nutrients from the environment

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2
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Maintenance of a constant internal environment despite changing external environment

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3
Q

What are the two methods of communication in the body?

A

The Nervous system and the endocrine system

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4
Q

What does a thermoreceptor do?

A

Detect touch, specifically temperature

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5
Q

What do the mechanoreceptors do?

A

Detect touch

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6
Q

What do the photoreceptors do?

A

Detect light

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7
Q

What do the acoustic receptors do?

A

Detect sound

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8
Q

What do the olfactory receptors do?

A

Detect smell

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9
Q

What do the sapictive receptors do?

A

Detect taste

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10
Q

How does the nervous system send information?

A

With electrochemical impulses

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11
Q

How many parts make up the nervous system

A

2

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12
Q

What is the central nervous system (CNS)

A

The brain and spinal chord.

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13
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?(PNS)

A

Network of interconnected nerves that travel throughout the body. They carry messages from the receptors to be the CNS and take instructions to the effectors

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14
Q

What is the stimulus response pathway?

A

The way react to the changing environment. It is common to the nervous and endocrine systems

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15
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

Any deviation form the normal state

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16
Q

What is a receptor?

A

The receptor are special kinds of cells designed to detect a specific stimulus

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17
Q

What is a control centre?

A

The part of the body that recognises the change and decides how to deal with the change

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18
Q

What is the effector?

A

The part of the body that causes in response to the stimulus

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19
Q

What is the response?

A

It is a return to normal conditions caused by the effectors

20
Q

What is a nerve made up of?

A

A bundle of cells called neurons

21
Q

What are the three types of neurons?

A

Sensory, motor and inter

22
Q

What are sensory neurons?

A

They are attached to the receptor

23
Q

What are motor neurons?

A

They are attached to muscles

24
Q

What are interneurons?

A

They connect neurons together

25
Q

What are dendrites?

A

Fibres that come off the cell body of a neuron that receive messages from other neurons

26
Q

What are axons?

A

Fibres that send messages to other neurons

27
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

A fatty coating that some neurons have which increase the of a nervous signal.

28
Q

What causes ms?

A

The degradation of the myelin sheath

29
Q

What is a synapse?

A

A small gap between neurons, the axons of one neuron do not touch the dendrites of another, the synapse separates them

30
Q

What is the presynaptic terminal?

A

The axon

31
Q

What is the postsynaptic terminal?

A

The dendrites

32
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Chemicals that are released from the presynaptic terminals and pass messages across the synapse to the postsynaptic terminal, which has complementary receptors.

33
Q

How do most drugs work?

A

By altering the normal function of the synapse

34
Q

What are agonists?

A

Drugs which stimulate neurotransmitters, binding to the receptor to initiate a response

35
Q

What are antagonists?

A

Drugs that bind to the receptors, blocking the neurotransmitters from binding and stopping transmission

36
Q

Reuptake inhibitors?

A

Drugs that block the reuptake of neurotransmitters makingtheir effect in the synapse longer and more pronounced

37
Q

What are hormones?

A

Hormones a chemical messengers that are secreted by glands

38
Q

Which travel faster, hormones or nerves?

A

Nerves travel much faster, as 100m/s

39
Q

What regulates hormones?

A

The control centre

40
Q

Where do hormones travel to?

A

The target cells(effector)

41
Q

What is hormones travel system?

A

Blood, phloem or haemolymph

42
Q

What makes up the endocrine system?

A

Glands that secrete hormones, e.g. Thyroid, adrenal, ovaries, testes and pancreas

43
Q

What is a fast hormone?

A

Adrenaline

44
Q

What is a slow hormone

A

Thyroxine

45
Q

Where do cells get their energy?

A

Cellular respiration

Science-Yearlys (5 decks)

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