Disease Flashcards
Condition of the living body that impairs normal functioning
Disease
Objective changes that can be measured or observed
Signs
Subjective changes that are not apparent
Symptoms
A specific group of signs/symptoms that accompany a specific disease
Syndrome
No clinical signs/symptoms
Subclinical
Sudden onset but brief duration
Acute
Life time condition
Chronic
in between acute and chronic
Subacute
Occur rapidly and severe intensity
Fulminant
apparent disease with specific known cause
Primary
Microbial invasion subsequent to primary infection
Secondary
Multiple acute episodes
Recurrent
Easily transmissible disease
Contagious
Subclinical carrier state that is not transmissible
Dormant
Confined to small area of the body
Localized
Spreads through many parts of the body
Systemic
Number of new cases in a specific period
Incidence Rate
Number of individuals with disease at any one time
Prevalence
Number of active cases / number of people exposed
Attack Rate
Reproduction rate, number of people someone will get sick
R knot
Incidence rate or prevalence (running total of cases)
Morbidity
Death rate
Mortality
Occurs in a single or scattered instances
Sporadic
Aggregation of cases within limited area and time
Cluster
Constantly prevalent in population
Endemic
An endemic with persistent high levels
Hyperendemic
When the incidence rate substantially exceeds what is expected
Outbreak
An outbreak that spreads rapidly to many peoplw
Epidemic
An epidemic that spreads across a large region
Pandemic
Science that studies when and where diseases occur, transmission, and predisposing factors
Epidemiology
A continual source of the disease
Reservoir
Human reservoirs that do not become ill
Carriers
Diseases in animals that can be transmitted to humans
Zoonoses
An infection acquired from a hospital stay
Nosocomial Infection
Movement of pathogen from one source to another
Transmission
Direct contact or interaction (touch, cough, sneeze)
Contact transmission
Infectious droplet nuclei (floating around)
Airborne Transmission
Interaction with non living carriers (Blood, food, surface)
Vehicle Transmission
Disease is carried by another organism and needs them to live
Biological Vector Transmission
Disease is transmitted by another organism but can live on its own
Mechanical Vector Transmission
How many microbes it takes to get half the population sick
ID 50
First introduction to microbes
Incubation Period
Short period of early, mild symptoms
Prodromal Phase
Most acute with apparent signs
Illness Phase
Symptoms begin to diminish, most susceptible to secondary infection
Decline Phase
Back to normal state, may still be infectious
Convalescence Period
