Discourse Flashcards
1
Q
Code-switching
A
- alternating between one or more languages/dialects in conversation
- strongly reflects cultural background and identity
2
Q
Paralinguistic Features
A
- mediums of communication used alongside verbal communication
e.g. facial expressions, body gestures, body language, eye gaze
3
Q
Coherence vs Cohesion
A
- coherence - text is considered coherent if it makes sense achieved through structure, clarity, navigation, formatting, expectations, signal, guide
- cohesion - creation of links and connections within a text via cohesive devices to make the text flow well and link together nicely
- cohesion must be achieved for coherence
4
Q
Logical Ordering
A
- organising points in a text in a logical and orderly way
e.g. steps in a recipe, format of an essay with intro, body paragraphs, conclusion
5
Q
Formatting and Conventions
A
- formatting - sizing or position of text, italicised or bolded
- conventions - expectations of a text with respect to formatting
- essential for coherence
6
Q
Consistency and Appropriate Transitioning
A
- maintaining a consistent theme/topic throughout the text
- if changing, smooth signalling/indicating of transition
e.g. repetition, synonymy, semantic field
7
Q
Information Flow
A
- order/sequence of info in a sentence
- front-focus - moving end of sentence to front; shifting focus to add emphasis
e.g. This really hurts for them| For them, this really hurts - end-focus - moving part of sentence to end; shifting focus to add emphasis
e.g. I was 100% ready! | I was ready, 100%!
8
Q
Clefting
A
- when a sentence is split and rearranged
- it-cleft - last part is moved to front
e.g. I washed the cat | It was the cat I washed - pseuodo-cleft - front part moved to last
e.g. THIS is important | What’s important is THIS
9
Q
Substition and Referencing
A
- use of pronouns to add cohesion
- anaphoric - pronoun refers to a previous noun in the text
e.g. The day ended. It was so long. - cataphoric - pronoun refers to a foward noun in the text
e.g. It ended. The day was so long.
10
Q
Deixis
A
- reference that relies on knowledge outside the text, relying on the knowledge and context of the speakers involved
- can reflect close social distance or degree of familiarity between speakers
11
Q
Conjunctions and Adverbials
A
- additives - words/phrases help add new info creating links
**e.g. btw, and, not only, ** - contrastives - words/phrases help contrast info to distinguishh
e.g. however, whereas, nevertheless - cause and effect - creates cohesion through linking the effect to the cause
**e.g.g therefore, hence, thus ** - sequencing and timing - provides sense of timing and sequence to aid cohesion
e.g. then, afterwards, meanwhile
12
Q
Spoken Features
A
- openings and closings - ways in which we open and close a text that is socially expected and acceptable
e.g. salutations - hi | vocatives - sir | phatic questions - hru
adjacency pairs - pair of interaction between speakers, usually a greeting and response
e.g. hey how are you? | good thanks, how are you?
13
Q
Overlapping Speech
A
- when speakers talk over one another
- can signal sense of closeness within a group or signal rudeness or disrespectb
14
Q
Discourse Particles
A
- filler words that contribute to the text depending on context
- function can include floor holding, topic management, heding, marking group identity
e.g. yk, like, kinda, sort of
15
Q
Non-fluency Features
A
- reflect spontaneous, unscripted nature and spoken mode
- pauses - gaps between speech
- pause fillers - sounds to fill pauses often used to hold the talking stick
- false starts - start a sentence with one word, stutter, and continue the sentence
- repetition - start a sentence with one word, stutten and continute the sentence with the same word
- repairs-start a sentence with one word, stutten and continute the sentence with an altered word
