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Server+ > Disaster Recovery Planning > Flashcards

Disaster Recovery Planning Flashcards

1
Q

RTO

A
  • recovery time objective
  • maximum amount of time an IT service can be down before it has a negative impact on business
  • ensure all parties know their roles in disaster recovery plan
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2
Q

BIA

A
  • business impact analysis

- RTO is important component

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3
Q

alternate sites

A
  • enable business to continue when disruption occurs at primary site
  • require high-speed communication links between sites
  • IT infrastructure must be in place
  • data replication between sites must be configured
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4
Q

failing over IT services to alternate site

A
  • DHCP/DNS
  • hosted web site
  • VMs
  • line of business applications
  • ensure notifications are sent to stakeholders
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5
Q

ensure network address changes don’t affect IT service consumers

A

dynamic DNS updates for changed IP addresses

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6
Q

failover clustering

A
  • provides high availability
  • multiple servers (cluster nodes) use same shared storage/configured identically
  • redundancy
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7
Q

MRU

A
  • most recently used
  • MRU path normally used when cluster node connects to shared storage
  • server will attempt other paths if current path fails
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8
Q

active/active clustered services

A
  • clustered service is running simultaneously on multiple cluster nodes
  • zero downtime
  • live failover
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9
Q

active/passive clustered services

A
  • service fails over/starts up on another cluster node if node where service is running fails
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10
Q

rolling cluster updates

A
  • staggered process of applying cluster node updates

- ensure some cluster nodes are always running

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11
Q

periodic heartbeat transmission

A
  • used by clustering solutions
  • sent from each node to ensure nodes haven’t failed
  • use dedicated network adapter for cluster heartbeats
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12
Q

hot site

A
  • alternate location that can actively continue business operations
  • disaster recovery (DR) sites commonly used as hot sites by cloud providers
  • continuous data protection (CDP) replication between sites
  • most expensive to maintain
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13
Q

cold site

A
  • alternate location with power/communication links in place
  • don’t have IT equipment/software/data/staff
  • software incompatibility
  • must restore data from backups
  • must fit within RTO/business continuity plan (BCP)
  • least expensive
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14
Q

warm site

A
  • alternate location with power/communication links
  • some equipment in place
  • bare-metal server restoration
  • application patching
  • data restoration
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15
Q

bare-metal server restoration

A
  • performs full system recovery
  • including OS
  • can be configured even when hardware configuration is different from the software configured when system backup/image was taken
  • external bootable drives/PXE
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16
Q

data replication

A

can immediately provide data without requiring restoration procedure

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17
Q

synchronous data replication

A

writes to primary/alternate location simultaneously

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18
Q

asynchronous data replication

A

slight delay before alternate write completes

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19
Q

disk-to-disk data replication

A
  • RAID 1 (disk mirroring) storage
  • second copy of data is written to disk other than primary disk
  • automatically fails over to redundant disk
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20
Q

Linux tar command

A

create compressed archives for backup purposes

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21
Q

tar -c

A

create archive

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22
Q

tar -v

A

display verbose output

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23
Q

tar -z

A

compress archive with gzip

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24
Q

tar -f

A

specify path/filename of archive file

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25
Q

tar -x

A

extract specified archive

26
Q

tar -C (uppercase)

A

change to directory for extraction of archive

27
Q

Linux dd command

A

back up specific disk blocks/entire partitions

28
Q

server-to-server data replication

A
  • host-to-host replication
  • uses software in server OS to replicate data between 2 or more servers
  • consumes server processing workload
29
Q

Windows DFSR

A
  • distributed file system replication
  • Windows server role service
  • synchronize folder contents between servers
  • only file block changes are synchronized
  • changes compressed before being sent over network
  • replication can be scheduled
  • servers can be configured for continuous replication
  • can be configured with bandwidth throttling to preserve network resources
  • asynchronous replication
  • configured 1 or more servers in replication group as read-only to prevent changes from that host
30
Q

rsync

A
  • tool to replicate data between hosts in UNIX/Linux
  • variants work on Windows
  • synchronized 2 or more local folders over network
  • only file changes are synchronized
31
Q

site-to-site data replication

A
  • primary/hot site
  • between cloud provider datacenters
  • network links must be able to accommodate large data transfers quickly
32
Q

active/active copies of data

A

data copies from synchronous replication solution

33
Q

who/what affected (BIA)

A
  • personal safety
  • critical data
  • network hardware/software
  • critical database servers
  • front-end applications
34
Q

RTO (BIA)

A

significant factor when determining what type of failures can be tolerated/how long

35
Q

disaster recovery (DR) plan

A
  • prepares organization for potential negative incidents that can affect IT systems
  • simulations
  • includes step-by-step procedures to recover failed systems
  • proper role documentation
36
Q

DR plan contents

A
  • table of contents
  • scope of DR document
  • contact information for escalation/outsourcing
  • recovery procedures
  • document revision history
  • glossary
37
Q

MTTR

A
  • mean time to repair
  • on average how long it takes to restore failed components
  • helps in planning equipment life cycle/restore failed equipment
38
Q

MTBR

A
  • mean time between failures
  • manufacturer provided
  • estimate on how much time before failure
  • usually associated with hardware
39
Q

BCP

A
  • business continuity plan
  • ensures business operations can continue/resume quickly during/after a failure
  • should include preventative measures
  • continuity of operations (COOP)
40
Q

creating/using BCP

A
  • assemble BCP team
  • identify/prioritize critical systems/data
  • determine if required skills available internally/outsourced
  • determine if alternate sites will be used
  • create DR plan for each IT service
  • review BCP with BCP team
  • run periodic drills
41
Q

selective backups

A
  • enable only restoring files that are required

- instead of overwriting all files/restoring to an alternate path from original backup location

42
Q

SQL server log shipping

A
  • uses primary/secondary SQL server
  • primary SQL supports read/write access
  • secondary SQL updated via transaction log updates from primary
  • side-by-side backup
43
Q

archive bit

A
  • used in file systems to indicate that a file has been changed/needs to be backed up
  • used by most backup solutions
  • cleared by full backup
  • turned on by OS when new file is created
44
Q

full backup

A
  • copies all data specified in backup set
  • take longer to complete/restore
  • commonly only performed periodically
  • clears archive bit when performed
45
Q

differential backup

A
  • copies only files that have changed since the last full backup (not since last differential backup)
  • more time to restore than full backups (full restore + restore of differential)
  • archive bit is not normally cleared
46
Q

incremental backup

A
  • copies only files that have changed since the last incremental/full backup
  • normally clears archive bit
  • least amount of time to take
  • most amount of time to restore
47
Q

synthetic full backups

A
  • take incremental backup

- combine with older full backup in same location

48
Q

snapshots

A
  • VMs
  • capture settings/data in vdisk files
  • should not be relied upon as sole backup (don’t replace backups)
  • can also apply to disk volumes/storage arrays/LUNs/hypervisors/databases
49
Q

storage snapshots

A

snapshots used in SAN environments

50
Q

Windows VSS

A
  • volume shadow service
  • configured for each disk volume
  • enable scheduled snapshots (volume shadow copies)
  • only contain changed disk blocks (don’t consume much space)
51
Q

bare-metal backup

A
  • data included in recovery image
  • can be used to deploy new servers quickly
  • use snapshots (recovery points)
  • require boot device
52
Q

linear access tape

A
  • linear tape-open (LTO)
  • magnetic storage media that uses linear tape file system (LTFS)
  • large capacities
  • fast data seeks
  • streaming
  • commonly used with tape backup systems/archiving
  • XML file used as catalog of backed-up content
53
Q

AIT

A
  • advanced intelligent tape
  • magnetic tape storage used with tape backup/archiving systems
  • each data cartridge contains a chip with metadata
54
Q

DLT

A
  • digital linear tape
  • industry standard
  • used for long-term archiving
  • should be placed in protective cases
  • superDLT (SDLT) supports larger capacities/transfer rates
  • can use SDLT in DLT systems with only read access
55
Q

tape library

A

management solution for multiple tape devices/backup media used for backups

56
Q

cloud backup security

A
  • connect network to cloud provider with site-to-site VPN
  • connect network to cloud provider with private network connection
  • encrypt data before backing up to cloud (if server side encryption isn’t provided)
57
Q

GFS tape rotation strategy

A
  • grandfather-father-son
  • most common
  • uses 3 backup sets (i.e. daily/weekly/monthly)
  • each tape rotated on a schedule
58
Q

GFS example

A
  • son = daily backup
  • father = weekly backup
  • grandfather = monthly backup
  • day 7 = son tape becomes a father/used for next weekly backups
  • other daily tapes keep getting reused as cycle continues
  • week 4 = father becomes grandfather/used for next monthly backups
  • monthly backups can be stored offsite
59
Q

backup best practices

A
  • clear/concise backup media labeling
  • data retention policy
  • integrity verification
  • backup media offsite storage
  • backup media encryption
  • backup media environmental controls
  • periodic data restoration tests
60
Q

RAID variant that can tolerate 2 disk failures

A

RAID 6

Server+ (7 decks)

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