Disaster Flashcards
A
Airway!
Check for:
- Respiratory distress
- Airway patency
- Loose teeth or foreign objects
- Assess for bleeding, vomiting, or edema
B
Breathing!
Check for:
- Ventilation
- Watch chest for signs of breathing
- Paradoxical movement
- Note use of accessory muscles
- RR
- Color of nail beds
- Listen to lungs!
C
Circulation
Check for:
- Carotid and/or femoral pulse
- Palpate pulse for quality and rate
- Assess skin color and temp
- Check cap refill
- Assess for bleeding
- Measure blood pressure
D
Disability
NEURO
Check for:
- LOC and GCS
- Assess PERRLA
DEFORMITIES
Check for:
- Extremities for obvious deformities
- Determine ROM and muscle strength
Assess PAIN
F
Full Set of Vital Signs
Focused Adjuncts
Facilitate Family Presence
G
Give comfort measures
H
History and Head-to-Toe
I
Inspect Posterior Surfaces
Green
Minimal Group
STABLE with minor injuries
EXAMPLE:
Minor lacerations
Yellow
Delayed Group
ANY injury without a change in LOC
- Conscious, but more injured than “green”
- Typically cannot walk or move
EXAMPLE:
Deep cuts
Loss of fingers
ABD injuries
Red
Immediate Group
May die without proper interventions
Injury with alteration in LOC
- Unable to follow commands
- Unable to walk/move
- Needs surgical/lifesaving interventions
EXAMPLE: Airway obstructions Cardiorespiratory failure Burns to face or neck Uncontrolled loss of blood Shock
Blue
Expected Group
Expected to die soon
Pt would require too many resources
Pt does NOT meet criteria for “red” group
EXAMPLE: Head injury with GCS <8 Burns with TBSA >85% Signs of impending death Fatal radiation doses
Black
Dead Group
Should not be moved
Requires a medical examiner/coroner
ID with remains
What is decontamination?
Patients proceed from “dirty” to clean
What does MCI stand for?
Mass casualty incident
What does MCI mean?
Any incident that exceeds the responder’s capability to treat or transport
What is M.A.S.S.?
Move
Assess
Sort
Send
What is the purpose of M.A.S.S.?
It is a disaster triage system that helps handle a large number of casualties in an MCI
What are the 3 steps to M.A.S.S.?
- Group the victims
- Sort individual victims
- Transport
Who/which color receives treatment first?
Red - Immediate group
Red has the highest priority for treatment or transfer
Intermediate or Red goes____.
First
Delayed or Yellow goes_____.
Second
Minimal or Green goes____.
Third
What is the “green” group goal of “move”?
To group victims that can walk
“If you can hear me and can walk, move to the area with a green flag”
What is the “green” group’s assumption?
Pt’s who can follow commands to walk are assumed to have stable, well compensated physiology, regardless of their injuries
Why does minimal group get moved first?
They have major vital functions intact
They are A&O
They have only minor injuries
This group can be gathered, treated, and then released
What is a minimal or green injury?
Minor lacerations
Contusions
Sprains
Superficial burns
Partial thickness burns <20% TBSA
What is the “yellow” group goal of “Move”?
To sort victims who can’t walk but can MOVE
“If you need help, but cannot walk, move and arm or leg and we will come help you”
What is the “yellow” group’s assumption?
The victim still has consciousness but has more injuries than the green group
What does the yellow/delayed group need?
Definitive care
- But they should not worsen rapidly
What is a yellow/delayed group injury?
Deep cuts
Open FX
Finger amputations
ABD injuries
Closed head with stable VS
Injuries without a change in LOC
After moving green and yellow, you are able to identify who is left. These victims will be unable to walk or move and unable to follow simple commands. What is this group called?
IMMEDIATE/RED GROUP
What needs to be done with the red/immediate group?
If medically trained, provide immediate life saving interventions, as these patients may die without interventions.
What injuries are considered immediate/red?
Airway obstruction
Impending cardiopulmonary failure
Significant hemorrhage
Shock
Sucking chest wound
Burns on face or neck
Life or limb threatening injury
Unresponsive or altered LOC
Severe difficulty breathing
Cyanosis
Rapid or weak pulse
Patient’s who do not meet the requirements for the red/immediate group fall into the “expectant” or blue group. What type of care do we provide to this group?
Comfort care
What injuries are seen in the “expectant” group?
Head injury with GCS score of <8
Burns >85% of TBSA
Multisystem trauma
Signs of impending death
Fatal radiation doses
What color is a pt labeled with if they are dead?
Black
What do we do with black or dead patients?
Should NOT be moved
ID should be with remains
Evidence must be preserved
