Ch 30 Musculoskeletal Flashcards
5 functions of the musculoskeletal system
- Give body its shape
- Protect internal organs
- Provide for movement
- Stores salts and other minerals for metabolism
- Produce Red Blood Cells necessaary for oxygen
what r the 3 types of muscules
voluntary (skeletal)
involuntary (smooth)
cardiac
Voluntary muscles are those under control of a person’s will. name some examples
walking, chewing, swallowing, smiling, frowning, talking moving eyeballs
connects muscle to bone
tendons
connects bone to bone
ligaments
this is an extension of the bone and is composed of connective tissue, acts as a shock absorber found at the point of two bones
cartilage
bending that moves the extremity towards the body
flexion
movement of a body part towards midline of the body
adduction
movement of a body part away from the midline of the body
abduction
turning along the axis of the bone or joint
rotation
movement throughan arc of a circle or in a circular motion from a central point
circumduction
6 components of the skeletal system
skull spinal column thorax pelvis lower extremities upper extremities
axial skeletal system (3)
head
thorax
vertebral column
what is the hollow depression in the lateral pelvis where the head of the femur fits creating a joint
acetabulum
direct blow occurs at point of impact
direct force
force impacts on one end of a limb causing injury some distance away from the point of impact.
indirect force
T/F
severe bleeding associated with afractured pelvis or femur often occurs from the bone itself not from the lacerated vsl outside the tissue
true
red marrow produces
red blood cells
sound of feeling broken fragments of bone grinding agaisnt each other
crepitus
pt complaining of numbness or a tingling sensation
paresthesia
2 basic reasons for splinting a bone
prevents movement
reduces chance of further injury
T/F
both before and after you apply a splint assess the pulse, moto function and sensation distal to the injury
True
commericially manufactured splints made of wood, plastic, cardboard, compressed wood designed with velcro straps
rigid splints
splints that are soft and pliable being inflated but rigid once filled with air
cannot be sized, impair circulation, interfere with ability to access pulse
pressure (air or pneumatic) splints
this provides counter pullalleviating pain, reducing blood loss, minimizing further injury
traction splint
a type of rigid splint that is malleable enough to form a deformed or angulated extremity, the splint is shaped to the deformed extremity mad eof wire, aluminum, or other metal that can bend
formable splint
splits easily formed to deformed extremities by sucking out the air
vaccum splint
used to provide stability to a painful and tender shoulder, elbow, upper humerus
sling and swathe
PASG
pneumatic antishock garment
used to pelvis and decrese the compartment size and reduce bleeding
pressure in space around capillaries exceeds the pressure needed to perfuse the tissues, the blood flow is cut off and the cells become hypoxic leading to
compartment syndrome
usually develops overtime as edema around area increses, associated with fractures, arterial and veneous bleeding from blunt force trauma
a pathological fracture that results from a disease that causes degeneration and dramatically weakens the bone, making it porone to fracture.
these will not present obvious evidence of trauma
nontraumatic fracture
an injury to a muscle or a muscle and a tendon, possibly caused by overextension, or over stretching
strain
injury to a joint capsule, with damage to or tearing of the connective tissue involves ligament
sprain
do not use traction splint if 1-2 inches above or below the knee knee has been injured hip pelvis partial amputation
true
