Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HES > Disability Studies > Flashcards

Disability Studies Flashcards

1
Q

Terms and labelling

A

Terms used to describe people change over time and differ in different societies
Language influences attitudes and there are good reasons for rejecting terminology that causes offence, stigmatisation and promotes injustice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Old definitions - idiot

A

Unable to guard himself agains common physical dangers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Old definitions- imbecile

A

Incapable of managing or being taught t manage own affairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Old definitions - feeble minded

A

Requires are and supervision for his own protection and for others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Moral imbecile

A

Not mentally defective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Eugenics

A

Application of biological principles to upgrade the physical and mental strength of the nation - Charles Darwin
Comments were made on the measures used by parliament which act to protect the poor and disabled he describes them as allowing weak members of society to propagate their kind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Eugenics strategies to prevent degeneration

A

Sterilisation
Marital regulation
Birth control
Segregation of the unfit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Special school

A

Began As early as 1892
1944 education act committed the LEA to providing schooling for children which was suitable for their age and aptitude
Meant a rise in special schools
This promoted expertise and material resources and offering a sympathetic environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The tragedy charity model

A

Depicts people as victims of circumstance deserving of pity
Traditionally used by charities to fund raise
This model is condemned by critics as disenabling
Causing a tragedy and pity culture
Critics have suggested charity funds should be channeled to promote
- empowerment of disabled people
- full integration into society has equal citizens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Medical model states

A

Disability results from the persons limitation mental or physical
NOT associated with social or geographical environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

WHO definitions support the model

A

Impairment: any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure
Disability:any restriction or lack of ability (resulting from an impairment) to perform an activity in the manner considered normal for a human being
Handicap: any disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment or disability that to prevent the fulfillment of a role that is normal for that individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Medical model pros cons

A

Therapeutic benefit

Not offer a realistic viewpoint of disabled people themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Discrediting of institutionalised care

A

Association with Nazis
Hospital scandals - neglect
Growth of therapeutic optimism - professionals in certain areas believe change is possible with new treatment techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The social model

A

Disability is a consequence of environmental social and attitudinal barriers
Defined as: the loss or limitation of opportunities to take part in the normal life of the community on an equal level to others
Disability stems from a failure of society to adjust to meet the needs and aspirations of the disabled minority
Parallels the doctrine of racial equality
Society must change to meet the needs of disabled people
The removal of attitudinal, physical and institutional barriers will improve the lives of disabled people giving them the same opportunity as others on an equal basis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Social model pros and cons

A

Pros: focuses on the society and not the individual and it also focuses on the individual

Cons: taken to an extreme it suggests that disability would be eradicated if society was changed in appropriate ways
Does not acknowledge the limitations which may result from the impairment such as (pain) that change to the social context could not remove.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Social adapted/ biopsychosocial

A

Advocated by WHO:
Based on the social model but with elements of the medical model with the significance of the impairments

It recognises not all impairments can be addressed but if we change the environment it can be less discriminatory
Lack of adaptations contributory to their condition
Disability stems from the lack of adaptations
Advantage does not focus on the disabilities but takes into account people’s capabilities and potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ICF

International Classification of disability and health

A

Embodies bio psych social model

Synthesis of the medical model and social approach to disablement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Disability discrimination law

A

Unlawful for discriminating in employment, trade union and qualification bodies
Access to goods facilities and services
Education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Single equality act 2010

A 
9 protected characteristics 
Age
Disability 
Sex 
Gender reassignment 
Marriage and civil partnership 
Pregnancy and maternity 
Race 
Religion 
 Sexual orientation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Human Rights

A

Belong to everyone
Place authorities in the UK include no the government, hospitals, social services -under obligation to treat people with fairness equality dignity and respect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lesion of disability - mental retardation

A

Official WHO term and used in the USA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Intellectual disability

A

Current international term

23
Q

Learning disability

A

Official UK term

Designates specific learning difficulty in some countries

24
Q

Learning difficulty

A

Used by educational services in the U.K. Such as dyslexia

25
Q

Mental impairment

A

Legal term used differently in the DDA and mental health acts

26
Q

WHO definition learning disability

A

General impairment of intellectual functioning
Consequences in terms of severe impairment of social functioning
Onset before physical maturity
Therefore excludes people who develop cognitive impairments in adult life

27
Q

Measured by:

A

IQ tests measure a range of intellectual skills and knowledge, scores standardised with 100 as the population
Problems assesses narrow range of skills, people LD can have a balance of strengths and weaknesses

Adaptive behaviour:
Measure skills in daily living, generate a series of rating scales
Problems ignore the extent of support from a Carer

Use the measurement to identify those that need help

28
Q

Epidemiology

A

No register difficult to estimate numbers

Mild Ld- poverty and disadvantage not an organic cause
Severe LD- more likely organic cause
Trends inc
More adults living with LD
Limited impact of prevention measures
Increasing premature baby survival who have LD

29
Q

Communication

A

Distinguish between receptive and expressive communication - some people with LD can understand language than speak it vice versa
Communication problems are often associated with challenging behaviour
Assisted communication:
- environmental adaptation (signs, colour coding)
- interpreters
- assisted communication systems: braille, symbols, message boards, simpler English

30
Q

Normalisation - Scandinavian approach

A

Disabled people need to attain adulthood by overcoming the ordinary challenges of life.
So have services to help them and give normal life

31
Q

Normalisation US approach

A

Ease of labelling disabled people due to separateness of their appearance, environment and way of life
So be wary of services labelling them as different so need of give them valuable social roles

32
Q

Universalism

A

Closures of large institutions for disabled people
Gave them greeter access to public services, employment and community facilities enforced by law
Problems with a rise in consumerism, dismissed responsibility from less engagement with others and disabled seen as negative consumers

33
Q

Prevention of LD

A

Pre conception -> screening Down syndrome
Prenatal -> folate in pregnancy
Perinatal -> optimal observation and neonatal care
Postnatal-> health education to reduce accidents and vaccination

34
Q

Morbidity -

A

High rate Of chronic disorders in addition to LD
High rate of injuries less able to assess risk
Higher prevalence of epilepsy sensory impairment and mobility problems

35
Q

Psychiatric disorder

A

More common - depression - stress coping with dependence and social exclusion
10x autism

36
Q

Mortality

A

Life expectancy increase
Higher mortality rates
Often tend to lead unhealthy life styles

37
Q

Access to healthcare

A

Poor disorders can go on untreated

38
Q

People with LD in hospital

A

Staff not used to people with LD don’t ask for consent correctly
Poor info before admission.
Hospitals lack specialists and facilities

Poor staff training

39
Q

Visual impairment

A

Unable to see or see clearly

40
Q

Visual acuity

A

Ability to see detail

41
Q

Distance acuity

A

UK 6/6

Tested using a Snellen Chart

42
Q

Aim cause of sight loss in adults

A 
Age related macular degeneration 
Glaucoma
Cataracts 
Diabetes 
Retinopathy 
Trachoma - chlamydia
43
Q

Refractive error:

A

Common they occur when they sue cannot clearly focus images resulting in blurred vision sometimes sever it causes visual impairment
3 types
Myopia - distant objects (short sighted)
Hypemetropia - close objects (long sighted)
Astigmatism - distorted vision resulting from an incorrectly shaped cornea

44
Q

Facts

A

80% of all visual impairment can be avoided or cured

45
Q

Typical blind person

A

Woman
May be widowed
Has AMD
Also has hearing problems, arthritis, CVD, diabetes
Cannot read or write or recognise faces BUT can still be independent

46
Q

Help available

A 
Guide dog 
Government benefits 
Eye clinic liaison officer 
Social worker 
Mobility officer 
Rehabilitation worker
47
Q

Medical model of deafness

A

Deafness is a developmental deficiency or disease
Defect can be cured by medication, equipment, technology, surgery,
Individuals adjustment and behavioural change would lead would lead to an effective cure
Main aim of professional is to teach dear people to speak
Deaf people children are reminded that they are different - their speech is not right
Deaf people have a responsibility to make themselves understood
Fit in with the majority

48
Q

Social model of deafness

A

Disability is a socially created problem
It is the communication between hearing and deaf people which is the barrier as those who cannot hear cannot use sign language properly
Society creates the barriers through lack of awareness, attitudes, lack of accessible information for deaf people
Isolation is a big problem
Oppression and discrimination of deaf people - poor access to services
Need to manipulate the social environment to improve access and participation

49
Q

Cultural model of deafness

A

Those using BSL see themselves as a part of a social, cultural and linguistic minority
Deaf people do not see themselves as disabled
Shared history and belief system
Positive towards their deafness
Minority language not a disability

50
Q

Communication

A

Most deaf people will use English by residual hearing, lip reading and speech

Sign language of which there are 200 variations

51
Q

Dos

A

Clearly at normal speed
Minimal background noise and good light
Talk face to face
Gain attention by tapping waving stamping feet

52
Q

Don’ts

A 
Shout 
Cover mouth 
Speak too fast 
Assume a nod means I understand 
Don't ask do you understand
53
Q

Degrees of deafness

A

Hard of hearing - acquired or gradual loss
Moderately deaf
Severely deaf - can’t hear a phone
Profoundly deaf - born or became deaf in early childhood sometimes have no hearing
Deafened - deaf after acquiring language
Deaf blind - born one become the other

54
Q

Interpreters

A

It is the organisations responsibility to pay and book a interpreter not the deaf persons
Shortage of interpreters takes 7 years to become fully qualified
Before booking need to make sure they meet the deaf persons needs and all deaf peoples needs are different
Interpreter does not offer opinions
Need to make sure they interpret things both ways

Contact a deaf person. Text fax email videophone type talk or text phone

HES (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions