Coping With Chronic Illness Flashcards
Coping
How we manage stressors
Adaptation - How we can adjust aspects of our thinking, emotions, behaviour so living with a chronic illness that is a constant stressor becomes more manageable
Transactional model of stress - Lazarus
How the stress is perceived - appraised by the individual
Primary appraisal - is this stressful
Secondary appraisal - can I cope with this?
Coping - problem focused coping
Take action to reduce the demands of the stressor
Or increase resources so you are able to mange it
Counselling to come to terms with the chronic illness
Ensuring taking action by attending the necessary appointments
Emotion focused coping
Attempt to manage the emotions caused
Seek emotional support, family, friends, groups
Denial it is nothing
Venting anger - screaming shouting crying
Distraction - doing something completely non related to the illness
Praying - hope and guidance comfort in a higher power
Humour
Suicide
Coping is context dependent abs dynamic - psychosocial problems associated with coping
Depends on personality - ability to cope
Depends on time money resources - social
Depends if there is a practical solution
Personality types - type A
Hurrying the speech of others
Unduly irritated by queues
Frequent knee jolting and finger tapping
Playing to win every game even with children
Impatience
Eating and speaking fast
Type c
Mainly females Cooperative and appeasing Compliant and passive Stoic Unassertive and self sacrificing Tend to inhibit the negative emotions
High N
Worrying Negative outlook Introspective Low self concept Social anxiety
Effect on health and illness behaviours and outcomes
Does stress cause illness
Hypertension is common in his go stress jobs
Higher life stress report more physical symptom
Stressful jobs higher rate CVD
Increased mortality
How does stress cause illness
Chronic stress causes prolonged interaction between physio/bio/psychosocial factors Atherosclerosis Acute stress inc MI Stress also changes behaviours Inc smoking Inc alcohol Poor diet Lack of exercise Increased accidents
Impact of chronic illness on persons
Emotional distress
Restrictions and disruptions to normal life
Learn how to manage the illness
New tasks
Changing risk factors to help prevent progression
SE of treatment
Loss of self
Impact on families
Community care increases pressure on families
Physical, social, psychological, financial, consequences on informal caring
Objective and subjective burden
Caregivers needs are often given low priority
Stress management
Information provision Social support Self manage training Stress management training Psychotropic medication or CBT
Cardiac rehabilitation programmes
Stress management
Focus on type A behaviours
Hyper responsive to stress, increased risky behaviours
