Disability and Leading Signs in Respiratory Disease

Question 1

Normal ppO2 of a person at sea level

Answer 1

10-12 kPa

Question 2

Normal ppCO2 of a person at sea level

Answer 2

3.5-5.5 kPa

Question 3

What is cardiomyopathy?

Answer 3

weakness in heart muscle

Question 4

Routine tests for someone who might have asthma

Answer 4

spirometry
FeNO (exhaled nitric oxide) high: suggesrs inflammation
PEFR monitoring
IgE
skin prick
eosinophil count

Question 5

If an asthma attack was life-threatening what would be heard upon asculatation?

Answer 5

nothing - no air able to pass through airways

Question 6

How to differentiate between an asthma attack and hyperventilation syndrome?

Answer 6

hyperventilating - not usually a wheeze

Question 7

What must you be aware of when giving O2 to a patient?

Answer 7

liklihood of having hypoxic ventilatory drive - lots of O2 will cause them to breathe less

Question 8

Treatments for COPD

Answer 8

nondrug: smoking cessation, vaccination
drug: bronchodilators - beta2agonists, antimuscarinic agents; inhaled steroids; mucolytics
lung volume reduction surgery

Question 9

What is dyspnoea?

Answer 9

difficulty breathing

Question 10

What is mitral stenosis

Answer 10

narrowing of mitral valve

Question 11

What is pleuritic chest pain?

Answer 11

pain when coughing

Question 12

How to differentiate between pulmonary embolus from pneumothorax

Answer 12

pneumothorax - don’t cough up blood

Question 13

What is type 2 respiratory failure?

Answer 13

inadequate alveolar ventilation

Question 14

How to differentiate between bronchiectasis and pneumonia?

Answer 14

bronchiectasis - more long term condition

Question 15

What is bronchial breathing?

Answer 15

tubular, hollow sounds in large airways

Question 16

Where to hear left lower lobe of the lung?

Answer 16

posterior lower lobe

Question 17

Where to hear left upper lobe of the lung?

Answer 17

anterior

Question 18

When would you hear a stony dull percussion?

Answer 18

when there is fluid between lining of wall

Question 19

What would you see on a HRCT scan of lungs with pulmonary fibrosis?

Answer 19

peripheral scarring which may go into the fissures

honeycombing