Body Response to Tissue Damage: Acute Inflammation (SELF STUDY)

Question 1

What stimulates acute inflammatory response?

Answer 1

microorganisms - bacteria
trauma - surgical incision
ischaemic necrosis - infarction
radiation damage - sunburn
chemical damage - acids, alkalis

Question 2

Purpose of acute inflammatory response?

Answer 2

detroy/neutralise damaging agent
liquefy and remove dead tissue
prepare damaged area for healing

Question 3

How does the acute inflammatory response work?

Answer 3

production of an acute inflammatory axudate derived from blood components from capillaries adjacent to the damaged areas

Question 4

What does the acute inflammatory exudate comprise of?

Answer 4

fluid
fibrin
neutrophils, few macrophages and lymphocytes

Question 5

What does the exudate do?

Answer 5

dilutes any toxins
carries nutrients, mediators and antibodies to site
neutrophils are actively phagocytic of bacteria and necrotic debris

Question 6

Steps for exudate formation

Answer 6

1. blood vessels dilate
2. endothelial cells swell and retract
3. neutrophils marginate and emigrate

Question 7

Step 1 of exudate formation

Answer 7

blood vessels near damaged tissue dilates
blood flow initially increases then slows
axial flow pattern of blood is lost
due to substances released by dead tissue

Question 8

Step 2 of exudate formation

Answer 8

endothelial cells swell and retract
vessels leak
water, salt and proteins (including fibrinogen and immunoglobulins) pass into damaged area
tissue is swollen

Question 9

Step 3 of exudate formation

Answer 9

neutrophils marginate - adhere to endothelium
and emigratethrough capillary into area of damage
fibrin is formed from fibrinogen

Question 10

Clinical types of exudate

Answer 10

serous
purulent
fibrinous
fibrino-purulent