Directions and Patient Positioning Flashcards
middle of clavicle bone
midclavicular line
-good reference point for measuring the liver
when the transducer is at an angle (less than 90 degree) against the patient’s skin
oblique
patient sitting at a 90 degree angle (back straight)
erect
towards the back of the body
posterior/ dorsal
imaginary line that is parallel and lateral to the clavicle bone
midaxillary line
separates the body into a front portion and back portion
coronal/ frontal
left or right
lateral
further away from the skin surface
deep
towards the feet
caudal
pt lies on their back with the right side of the body elevated at a 45 degree angle
Left Poterior Oblique (LPO)
supine
laying on back
when the transducer is at a 90 degree angle against the patient’s skin
perpendicular
what is the median plane
the plane that separates the body into the right and left quadrants
Lithotomy Position
-transvaginal exams
Reverse Trendelenberg Position
-ideal for vascular scan in feet and legs to see venous blood pool at bottom of leg
towards the point of reference
proximal
above the point of reference, towards the head
superior
patiient lays on left side with right arm up over head
Left lateral Decubitus (LLD)
away from the point of reference
distal
on ultrasound scan, when an organ or vessel is all black inside (shows no echoes)- indicates there is fluid inside
anacoic
in btw ribs
intercostal
prone
laying face down
patient lays on right side with left arm up over head
Right lateral decubitus (RLD)
a good reference point at the beginning of an abdominal exam
xiphoid process of sternum
what is the transumbilical plane
separates the body into upper and lower quadrants
underneath the rib cage
subcostal
towards the head
cranial/ cephalic
separates the body into vertical halves
sagittal/longitudinal
on the opposite side of
contralateral
moving the transducer medial to lateral
sliding
Trendelenburg Position
-good for larger belly pregnant women to all gravity to help get the belly out of the way
organs in the RUQ of body
Right lobe of liver (large section) gallbladder (Posterior to liver) Common Bile duct right kidney pancreas duodenum small portion of stomach Transverse colon Right adrenal gland
toward the patient’s midline
medial
below the point of reference, toward the feet
inferior
Name the quadrants of the body
on the same side
ipsilateral
towards the front of the body
anterior/ ventral
the middle of the pt’s body
midline
Name the quadrants of the body
closer to the surface of the skin
superficial
separates the body into horizontal halves
transverse/ axial
patient reclined to about a 45 degree angle
semi-erect
pt lies on their back with the left side of the body elevated at a 45 degree angle
Right poterior oblique (RPO)
Name the directional planes in order
Saggittal/Longituidnal
Transverse/axial
coronal/frontal
When you measure anterior to posterior, what are you measuring?
height
What is echoegenic?
the ability to return sound waves/producing sound waves
ex) organs/ tissues
what is isoechoic?
when structures have the same relative echo density
what is hyperechoic?
brighter than normal or brighter than adjacent structures
what is hypoechoic?
not as bright as normal or less bright than adjactent structures
anechoic
no echoes, black
ex) IVC, AO
homogeneous
even and uniform echo pattern
heterogeneous
uneven echo pattern with varying echodensities
DMS frequency range is btw
2-15MHz
Explain why we use low frequencies for deep penetration and high frequencies for superficial penetration
•Higher frequencies have shorter wavelengths & are absorbed/attenuated more easily. Therefore, higher frequencies are not as penetrating. This explains why high frequencies are used for the superficial body structures and low frequencies are used for those that are deeper.
1 Hertz =
1 wave per second
frequency range for deep abdomen or OB/GYN scanning
2.0-2.5 MHz
frequency range for general abdominal/ OB/GYN imaging
3.0-3.5 MHz
frequency range for vascular, breast, and pelvic imaging
5 MHz
frequency range for breast/thyroid imaging
7.5 MHz
frequency range for Breast, thyroid, superficial veins/masses, MSK imaging
10 MHz
frequency for superficial structures and MSK imaging
15 MHz
Is the liver heterogeneous or homoegeneous image?
Is the AO anaechoic or isoechoic?
homogeneous- even and uniform
anaechoic- all black
This image is an example of ___.
heterogenous echo pattern- uneven with varying echodensities
What is wrong with this image?
too little overall gain
What is wrong with this image?
too much overall gain
How could this image be fixed?
adjust the TGCs to be uniform with the rest of the image
What is wrong with the image?
Image is good, no adjustments needed
