Directing and Supervising the Laboratory Flashcards
is the process of influencing people so that they will contribute to organization and group goals
Leading
Is that part of management function which actuates the organization members to work efficiently and effectively for the attainment of organizational objectives
Leading or Directing
ELEMENTS OF DIRECTING
AND LEADING
1.Motivation
2.Leadership
3.Communication
It is the reason/s one has for acting or behaving in a
particular way.
* The general desire or willingness of someone to do something
Motivation
Major Theories of Motivation:
Content Motivational Theories
Process Motivational Theories
examines the internal forces that drive the individual to specific actions
Content Motivational Theories
Content Motivational Theories examples
–Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
–Herzberg’s Two-factor theory
–Alderfer’s EGR Theory
–Mc Clelland Achievement Motivation
attempt to explain the person’s reaction to external stimuli
Process Motivational Theories
Process Motivational Theories examples
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
Adam’s Equity Theory
Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory
It proposes that humans are motivated by multiple needs and that these needs exist in hierarchy order:
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Theory
The order of needs in maslow’s theory
- Physiological needs
- Safety needs
- Belongingness/Social need
- Esteem needs
- Self-actualization needs
discusses about the factors that lead employees of an organization either towards job satisfaction or dissatisfaction (Dartey-Baah & Amoako, 2011).
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory consist of both _______________ as factors
hygiene and motivator
Alderfer’s ERG Needs Theory states that humans have three core types of needs which are
A. Existence,
B. Relatedness
C. Growth
Mc Clelland’s Achievement Motivation states three acquired needs which are
Need for Achievement
Need for Power
Need for Affiliation
states that a person’s motivation is directly tied to an expected outcome as a result of their hard work and labor
Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation
aka
Valence-instrumentality expectancy theory
- It was developed by John Stacey Adams in the 1960s.
- It suggests that employees compare their own inputs and outputs (e.g., effort and rewards) to those of others, and when there is a perceived imbalance, they will act to restore equity.
Adam’s Equity Theory
Itis a psychological principle suggesting that behaviors are shaped by their consequences, and that individual behaviors can be changed through reinforcement, punishment and extinction.
Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory
Life cycle of workers: a time of searching and exploring work and life alternatives
20-30 years old:
Life cycle of workers: high contentment to career advancement goals
30-40 years old:
Life cycle of workers: a period of questioning career and life choices, frequently evolves into mid-life crisis
40-45 years old:
Life cycle of workers: a time of increasing stability, acceptance, commitment to job, family and retirement
45 – 65 years old
It is employing management skills, people skills, and vision to accomplish the work of the organization.
LEADERSHIP
refers to the ability of an individual or an organization to guide individuals, teams, or organizations toward the fulfillment of goals and objectives.
LEADERSHIP
