DIRECTING

Question 1

• Motivation,
• Communication, and
• Leadership. It deals with relationship of managers and non-managers
• It comes from the Latin word “movere” which means to move

Answer 1

Directing

Question 2

is the concept we use when we describe the forces acting on or within an individual to initiate and direct behavior

Answer 2

Motivation

Question 3

He designed a system whereby an employee was compensated according to individual production

Answer 3

Frederick taylor

Question 4

One of the most important theories of motivation is the hierarchy of needs theory postulated by industrial psychologists

Answer 4

Abraham w. Maslow

Question 5

An individual ambition to do better things or achieve something is due to a very specific motive or need

Answer 5

-Achievement theory
-Proposed by David McClelland

Question 6

views human beings as inherently lazy and hence must be motivated by force

Answer 6

Theory X (traditional organization)

Question 7

contends that external force or punishment is not the best way to motivate individuals because they are capable of exercising self direction and self control

Answer 7

Theory Y (modern organization)

Question 8

• This theory states that the inducements provided by the organization must be kept in equilibrium with the contributions made by the employees.
• They make social comparisons not only by what they get but also by what they see or believe others are getting.
• This need is not something “inborn” but it can be acquired through training and teaching the trainees to think and behave in terms of achievement

Answer 8

Bernard-Simons Theory of equilibrium

Question 9

This theory is based on the premise that an individual assigns to the outcome of each outcomes and order of preferences among the alternative courses of action

Answer 9

Vrooms Preference-Expectancy theory

Question 10

-The reward given for good performance.
-When performance is high, an employee will get a pay increase

Answer 10

Reinforcement theory

Question 11

He contends that as people grow (psychologically) and mature they strive toward the highest level of need in Maslow’s need hierarchy: self-actualization.
- That is to become everything that one is capable of becoming.

Answer 11

-Maturity theory
- Chris Argyrie

Question 12

-This involves redesigning jobs so that related activities are
added to those currently being
performed. It is the process of allowing individual workers to determine their own working place to serve as their own inspectors by giving them responsibility for quality control, to correct their own mistakes, to be responsible for their own machine set-up and repair, and to attain choice of method
- This method motivates the individual by offering challenge, interest, and meaning.

Answer 12

Job enlargement

Question 13

A modern and a more permanent approach to motivation is through job enrichment. This involves putting meaning into jobs. In other words, it is putting Herzberg’s two-factor theory into effect by building motivators into the job. These motivators include achievement,
growth, responsibility,
advancement, and recognition.

Answer 13

Job enrichment

Question 14

• It is defined as the transfer of information that is meaningful to those involved.
• In general, the transmittal of understanding.
• It is an interpersonal process of sending and receiving of symbols with messages attached to them
• is defined as the transfer of information that is meaningful to those involved-in general, the transmittal of understanding

Answer 14

Communication

Question 15

• Information flows down through formal channels in the organization.
• Superiors and subordinates showed
  great differences in their thinking as to what constitutes a subordinate’s job.

Answer 15

Formal n downward communication

Question 16

can be defined as a means of communication that is normally controlled by the managers in an organization. It has been called the main line of the organization’s operational communication. This is intended the reports, records, and other forms that flow up and down in the system

Answer 16

Formal communication

Question 17

• arises out of all those channels that fall outside the formal channels and it is also known as grapevine. It is established around the societal affiliation of members of the organization. Informal communication does not follow authority lines as in the case of formal communication

Answer 17

Informal communication

Question 18

Group communication refers to communication between 3 or more individuals Small group communication includes number from 3 to about 20 people, and large group communication includes numbers larger than that (1.e., a lecture hall of 300 students or a theatrical production with an audience of 3,000)

Answer 18

Communication between groups

Question 19

Communication between a minimum of two-parties in which meaningful exchange is intended with the sender trying to affect a response from a person or group The message may be received by the person for whom it was intended or by people for whom it was not intended, or both. The message may be distorted during transmission so that the sender’s intentions are not perceived by the recipient and the intended effect is not achieved

Answer 19

Interpersonal communication

Question 20

is the process of information flowing from the lower levels of a hierarchy to the upper levels. This type of communication is becoming more and more popular in organizations as traditional forms of communication are becoming less popular. The more traditional organization types such as a hierarchy, places people into separate ranks..

Answer 20

Upward communication

Question 21

• also known as peer-level communication
• enable members of a particular level in the organization to share information and thus improve their decisions and decision making skills.

Answer 21

Lateral communication

Question 22

informal paths or informal channels of communication that exist in organization

Answer 22

Grapevines

Question 23

It is generally defined as the art and science of influencing people so that they willingly move toward the achievement of the group goals. memberso proces min er ativities al
setting and goal achievement.
- It is also the process of inspiring others to work hard to accomplish important tasks.

Answer 23

Leadership

Question 24

• accomplishes tasks through fear of penalties, and maintains a highly critical and negative attitude in relations with subordinates.

Answer 24

Dictatorial leader

Question 25

assumes a paternalistic role which forces subordinates to rely on the leader for their satisfaction, and allegiance. The satisfaction leader

Answer 25

Autocratic leader

Question 26

depends not only on their own capabilities but encourages consultation of subordinates.

Answer 26

Democratic leader

Question 27

depends completely on subordinates of just another member of the group. Under these conditions, members of the group are permitted to act individually and, therefore, may easily head in different directions.

Answer 27

Laissez faire leader

Question 28

is the ability to command or apply force. It is necessarily accompanied by authority.

Answer 28

Power

Question 29

which exists in the formal organization is the right to issue directives and expend resources. Authority has been viewed in the

Answer 29

Authority

Question 30

Another approach to examining the management process is in terms of the type of skills required to perform the work.

Answer 30

Management skills

Question 31

It is the ability to perform a manager’s job.
- A manager must possess skills in their respective fields of specialization.

Answer 31

Technical skills

Question 32

It is the ability to work with others by getting along with them, motivating them, and communicating effectively with others

Answer 32

Human skills

Question 33

• It is the ability to coordinate and integrate the entire organization’s interests and activities

Answer 33

Conceptual skills

Question 34

• proposed another method of examining what
  managers do by introducing the concept of managerial role

Answer 34

Management roles (Henry Mintzberg )

Question 35

• proposed another method of examining what
  managers do by introducing the concept of managerial role

Answer 35

Management roles (Henry Mintzberg )

Question 36

Manager represents the organizational unit in all matters of formality

Answer 36

Figurehead

Question 37

Manager interacts with peers and other people outside the organizational unit to gain information and favor

Answer 37

Liaison

Question 38

-Manager provides guidance and motivation to the work group and also defines the atmosphere in which the work group will work.

Answer 38

Leader

Question 39

Manager serves as a receiver and collector of information

Answer 39

Monitor

Question 40

Manager transmits special information within the organizational unit

Answer 40

Disseminator

Question 41

Manager’s role is to initiate change

Answer 41

Entrepreneur

Question 42

the manager must assume when the organization is threatened, such as conflicts between subordinates, the sudden departure of a subordinate, or the loss of an important costumer

Answer 42

Disturbance handler

Question 43

Manager decides where the organization will expand its resources..

Answer 43

Resource allocator

Question 44

Role of the manager assumes when the organization finds itself in major non-routine negotiations with other organizations or individuals.

Answer 44

Negotiator

Question 45

filipino word that means to give oneself to hard work

Answer 45

Kayo

Question 46

means availing on a loophole.

Answer 46

Lusot

Question 47

This manager literally goes by the book

Answer 47

Libro

Question 48

This manager acquired his managerial skills by playing it by ear

Answer 48

Oido

Question 49

The hybrid of the above mentioned types. A gifted reconciler of philosophies and beliefs held by the various types of managers.

Answer 49

Manager by ugnayan