Directed reading names, years and journals

Question 1

Are global conservation efforts successful?

Answer 1

Rodrigues et al 2006, Science

Question 2

Assisted colonisation

Answer 2

Hoegh-Guldberg et al 2008, Science

Question 3

are bioclimatic envelope models useful?

Answer 3

Pearson et al 2003, Global Ecology and Biogeography

Question 4

Comments on SPP and DPP

Answer 4

Caughley 1994, Journal of Animal Ecology

Question 5

Confounding factors in detection of species to habitat fragmentation

Answer 5

Ewers et al 2007, Biological Reviews

Question 6

Ecosystem services mapping

Answer 6

Naidoo et al 2008, PNAS

Question 7

Global biodiversity conservation priority schemes

Answer 7

Brooks et al 2006, Science

Question 8

New conservation techniques

Answer 8

Marvier 2013, Conservation Biology

Question 9

Potential negative effects of corridors…

Answer 9

Haddad et al 2014, Conservation Biology

Question 10

Value of the redlist

Answer 10

Rodrigues et al 2006, Trends in Ecology and Evolution

Question 11

How does CC cause extinction?

Answer 11

Cahill et al 2013, Proc Roy Soc B

Question 12

High plant D needed for ESs?

EXTERNAL

Answer 12

Isbell et al 2011, Nature

Question 13

Rapid range shifts EXTERNAL

Answer 13

Chen 2011, Science

Question 14

CITES - support of local communities EXTERNAL

Answer 14

Abensperg-Traun 2009, Biological Conservation

Question 15

Diagnosing bird pop declines EXTERNAL

Answer 15

Green 1195 Ibis

Question 16

Rodrigues

Answer 16

Seems to be decrease in bird extinctions in 20-21st century - due to extinctions underestimated (lag of diagnosis due to Romeo error) But have identified 31 spp saved by conservation

Question 17

Hoegh-Guldberg - science

Answer 17

Low latitude population introductions to deal with higher temps as broader thermal tolerance - stag horn coral e.g.
Consider socio-econimic concerns, large carnivores or toxic plants to livestock area - ex situ conservation = store frozen gametes

Question 18

Pearson et al

Answer 18

Evolutionary change affecting spp distributions

• bush crickets showed increased fraction of longer-winged individuals in populations = greater dispersal ability
• not recognised by envelope model

Question 19

Caughley

Answer 19

DPP needs more theory to successfully apply, and SPP needs more practice, not very useful for endangered spp

Question 20

Hendrick et al

Answer 20

Comments on Caughley
-SPP provides useful theory and background for principles and experiment ideas to be tested for diagnosis of causes, providing guidance to conservation efforts - the Florida panther

Question 21

Ewers et al

Answer 21

Effects of fragmentation are magnified when there are interactions with CC, human-altered disturbance and spp interactions
Dont know long-term impacts of fragmentation as its recent

Question 22

Naidoo et al

Answer 22

Carbon storage and sequestration globally disposed and don’t depend on local beneficiaries - highest in low-human-density and high-biodiversity wilderness areas
Water provision and grassland production of livestock benefits with people closer
-lack of spatial concordance with biodiversity and ESs

Question 23

Brooks et al

Answer 23

Challenges with current prioritisation strategies
•not incorperate of megadiverse invertebrate taxa
•aquatic systems feature poorly in these, only 1 explicitly incorporates these systems
•freshwater priorities and effort to identify them lag even further behind

Question 24

Marvier

Answer 24

PAs not enough - extinction still high
-need community support in them, otherwise they will be downgraded and downsized
Need to reach wider population by demonstrating and teaching ppl of benefits of wildlife - as they don’t want to protect it for its own sake
Need to welcome diverse people with diverse motivations for protecting nature

Question 25

Haddad et al

Answer 25

No support found for negative effects of corridors - are small and manageable, outweighed by positive effects
-no effects of predators or pathogens from corridors
(but predator studies don’t look at prey populations)
-no evidence for unwanted distrubances or non-native species invasion (but not been well studied)
no support due to lack of sufficient data?

Question 26

Rodrigues et al

Answer 26

Very useful not only for determination of threats but the data it gives you on the spp
•Needs more funding and standardisation to increase data - lack of data on spp big problem, and lack of taxonomic knowledge problem too

Question 27

Cahill et al

Answer 27

Approaches for finding proximate causes:
-document local extinctions
-test whether pops gone extinction by comparing past and present ranges
-survey these areas (transects) around ranges where could be limited by climatic factors
-resurvey (avoid Romeo error)
-determine if related to global CC trends
-correlative analyses of which causes involved
-test with mechanistic analyses
(physiological tolerances etc.)

Question 28

Green

Answer 28

Correlative trends may be misleading if birds can move between selected areas of comparison
-manipulative experiments should be carried out

Question 29

Isabell et al

Answer 29

plant diversity = more ESs

• 87% of 147 plant species promoted ecosystem functioning at least once
• in different years, places, in different functions and under different environmental change scenarios

Question 30

Chen

Answer 30

Estimated shifts of spp to higher elevation 2-3x faster than previously reported
Greatest movements where the highest levels of warming were shown - shifts being sufficient to track temperature changes
-internal spp traits and external drivers important too as there is variability

Question 31

Venables et al

Answer 31

Demonstrated the economic value of manta ray and whale shark species in Momzabique to government, as people willing to pay large amounts of money to dive there - ecotourism ESs to try and enhance their conservation status and prevent exploitation