Direct Hits 8 Science And The Social Sciences Flashcards

1
Q

catalyst

A

in chemistry, a catalyst is a substance (such as an enzyme) that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction at some temperature, but without itself being transformed or consumed by the reaction / in everyday usage a catalyst is any agent that provokes or triggers change

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2
Q

caustic

A

in chemistry, a caustic substance is one that burns or destroys organic tissue by chemical action; hydrofluoric acid and silver nitrate are examples of caustic substances / in everyday usage, a caustic comment is one that hurts or burns

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3
Q

crystallize

A

in chemistry, crystallization is the process by which crystals are formed / in everyday usage, to crystallize means to give a definite form to an idea or plan

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4
Q

osmosis

A

in chemistry, osmosis refers to the diffusion of a fluid through a semipermeable membrane until there is an equal concentration of fluid on both sides of the membrane / in everyday usage, osmosis refers to a gradual, often unconscious process of assimilation

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5
Q

sedentary

A

in ecology, animals that are sedentary remain or live in one area / in everyday usage, sedentary means settled and therefore accustomed to sitting or doing little exercise

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6
Q

virulent

A

in medical science, virulent refers to a disease or toxin that is extremely infectious, malignant, or poisonous / in everyday usage, virulent refers to language that is bitterly hostile, hateful, and antagonistic

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7
Q

empirical

A

in science, empirical means originating in or based on direct observation and experience; empirical data can then be used to support or reject a hypothesis / in everyday language, empirical means to be guided by practical experience, not theory

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8
Q

entomology

A

the scientific study of insects

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9
Q

gestate

A

in science, gestate means to carry within the uterus from conception to delivery / in everyday language, gestate means to conceive and develop in the mind

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10
Q

paradigm

A

in science, a paradigm is a framework or model of thought

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11
Q

entrepreneur

A

a person who organizes and manages a business or enterprise

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12
Q

lucrative

A

very profitable

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13
Q

extravagant

A

excessive and therefore lacking restraint

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14
Q

avarice, cupidity

A

excessive desire for material wealth; greed; covetousness

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15
Q

glut, plethora, surfeit

A

a surplus or excess of something

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16
Q

destitute, impoverished, indigent

A

very poor, lacking basic resources

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17
Q

affluent, opulent

A

very rich, having abundant resources

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18
Q

munificent

A

very generous

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19
Q

parsimonious

A

excessively cheap with money; stingy

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20
Q

depreciation

A

any decrease or loss in value caused by age, wear, or market conditions

21
Q

remunerate

A

to compensate; to make payment for; to pay a person

22
Q

accord

A

a formal concurrence, agreement, or harmony of minds

23
Q

enlighten, edify

A

to inform, instruct, illuminate, and thus remove darkness and ignorance

24
Q

appeasement

A

the policy of granting concessions to maintain peace

25
nullify
to make null; declare invalid
26
triumvirate
a group or association of three leaders
27
pretext
an excuse; an alleged cause
28
watershed
critical point that marks a change of course; a turning point
29
consensus
a general agreement
30
autocrat, despot
a ruler or other person with unlimited power and authority
31
manifesto
a public declaration of beliefs, policies, or intentions
32
enfranchise
to endow with the rights of citizenship, especially the right to vote
33
disenfranchise
to deprive of some privilege or right, especially the right to vote
34
coerce
to force to act or think in a certain way by use of pressure, threats, or torture; to compel
35
egalitarian
favoring social equality; believing in a society in which all people have equal political, economic, and civil rights
36
demarcation
the setting or marking of boundaries or limits, as a line of demarcation
37
inquisition
a severe interrogation; a systematic questioning
38
ameliorate
to make a situation better
39
exacerbate
to make a situation worse
40
desiccated
thoroughly dried out; lifeless, totally arid
41
contiguous
sharing an edge or boundary; touching
42
pertinent
relevant; to the point; clearly illustrative of a major point
43
complicity
association or participation in a wrongful act
44
exonerate, exculpate
to free from guilt or blame
45
indisputable
not open to question; undeniable; irrefutable
46
precedent
an act or instance that is used as an example in dealing with subsequent similar instances
47
unprecedented
without previous example, never known before; an event that has never happened before
48
malfeasance
misconduct or wrongdoing, especially by a public official