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Italian grammar and vocab > Direct and indirect objects > Flashcards

Direct and indirect objects Flashcards

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Italian Verbs flashcards
1
Q

He buys the fruit and eats it.

A

Compra la frutta e LA mangia.

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2
Q

I can help her.

A

Posso aiutarLA. (modal auxiliary) (“La posso aiutare” also acceptable but less common)

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3
Q

If I see the boys, I’ll invite them.

A

Se vedo i ragazzi, LI invito.

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4
Q

Giovanni reads it. (the book)

A

Giovanni LO legge.

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5
Q

We like you

A

Noi ti amiamo.

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6
Q

Yes, I ate it. (the pasta)

A

Sì, l’ho mangiatA. (verbs must agree with direct object in passato prossimo)

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7
Q

It is a good idea to invite them. (the girls)

A

È una buon’idea invitarLE. (infinitive, goes at the end)

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8
Q

Have you made fettuccine? I love it!

A

Hai fatto le fettucine? Le adoro! (no elide with “li” or “le”)

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9
Q

We like you. (Emphasize the person you are talking to as opposed to anyone else).

A

Noi amiamo TE. (strong forms are used when you want to emphasize the object)

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10
Q

Have you found the keys? Yes, here they are!

A

Hai trovato le chiavi? Sì, eccoLE! (object pronouns get attached to ECCO to express “here I/he/she/it/us/them/you is/are”)

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11
Q

I can’t see him

A

Non posso vederlo. (modal auxiliary) (“Non lo posso vedere” also acceptable but less common)

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12
Q

I let him go.

A

Lo lascio andare. (“Lasciare” is a causation verb so direct object must precded it. “Lascio andarlo” would be wrong)

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13
Q

They invited us.

A

Ci hanno invitati. (verbs must agree with direct object in passato prossimo)

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14
Q

I made her go to the doctore

A

L’ho fatta andare dal dottore. (“Fare” is a causation verb so object must precede it. “Ho fatto andarlo dal dottore” would be wrong)

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15
Q

We gave you the wrong answer (to Silvia e Giulietta)

A

Vi abbiamo dato la risposta sbagliata.*

  • Originally, I had this as “Vi abbiamo datE la risposta sbagliata.” with note that the direct object must agree. In this sentence “vi” is the indirect object, so agreement isn’t necessary. Could not find the example in the book to confirm.
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16
Q

Hi Maria! I saw you at the concert last night.

A

Ciao Maria! T’ho veduta al concerto ieri sera. (elide is preferred but not required, could have “Ti ho”)

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17
Q

Do you have any news? No, I don’t have any. (of it)

A

ne - Hai delle novità? No, non ne ho nessuna.

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18
Q

When will you go to the doctor? I will go there next week.

A

ci - Quando vai dal dottore? Ci vado la prossima settimana.

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19
Q

Can I speak to Maria and Robert? No, they are not here.

A

ci - Posso parlare con Maria e Roberto? No, non CI sono.

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20
Q

Do you feel like going out tonight? Of course, I always want to!

A

ne - Hai voglia uscire stasera? Certo, ne ho sempre voglia!

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21
Q

How many dogs do you have? I have two of them.

A

Quanti cani hai? Ne ho due.

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22
Q

I finished the bread. Have you got any more of it.

A

Ho finito il pane. Ne hai dell’altro.

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23
Q

How is “ne” generally used? What are 3 kinds of use cases for “ne”?

A

To refer to people, places or things previously mentioned in a conversation. It could be translated as “some of it”, “any of it”, “of it”, “of them”, “about him/her/it/them”.

  1. With respect to a specific quantity/number.
  2. Can be used to replace “some” or “any” as an indefinite quantity.
  3. Can be used to replace “di+noun” where “di” means “of”
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24
Q

Anna hates cats. She has always been afraid of them.

A

Anna odia i gatti. Ne ha sempre avuto paura.

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25
Q

How is “ci” generally used? What are 3 kinds of use cases for “ci”?

A

To refer to objects or things previously named. It stands for “here”, “there”, “about it”, and “of it”

  1. Can be used to replace prepositions “a”, “in”, “su”, and “con” + noun.
  2. Can be used to me “there” when referring to a previously mentioned place.
  3. Is used in some expressions that don’t really translate
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26
Q

“Ne” and “ci” structure: They usually come before the verb, but there are 3 exceptions when they are attached to the end.

A
  1. Gerunds
  2. Imperatives
  3. Infinitives
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27
Q

Roberta likes America. She will have to go there in the future.

A

A Roberta piace l’America. Dovrà andarci in futuro. (attached to infinitive)

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28
Q

I counted my books. I have too many of them!

A

Ho contato i miei libri. Ne ho troppi!

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29
Q

Take a little bit of it.

A

Prendine un po’

Remember, “ne” and “ci” are attached at the end of the verb for imperatives

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30
Q

Think about it.

A

Pensaci

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31
Q

I don’t want to go there.

A

Non voglio andarci.

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32
Q

I don’t want to taste more of them. I’ve eaten too much!

A

Non voglio assaggiarne delle altre. Ho mangiato troppo!

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33
Q

Look inside!

A

Guardarci dentro!

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34
Q

Thank you for making the cookies. We are eating some of them.

A

Grazie per facendo i biscotti. Stiamo mangiandone.

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35
Q

It is necessary (singular)

A

Ci vuole (fixed phrase)

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36
Q

To be able to see

A

Vederci (fixed phrase)

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37
Q

It is necessary (plural)

A

Ci vogliono (fixed phrase)

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38
Q

Maria does not look at me.

A

Maria non mi guarda.

39
Q

Marco asks her a favor.

A

Marco LE chiede un favore. (indirect object)

40
Q

Maria gave a gift to him.

A

Maria GLI ha dato un regalo. (indirect object)

41
Q

Jay, do you have a telephone? Yes, I have one.

A

Jay, hai un telefono? Sì CE L’ho (Rule: If you use lo/la/li/le with “AVERE”, you must put “ce” before the pronoun)

42
Q

Does your son have a baseball bat? Yes, he has it.

A

Il tuo figlio ha una mazza di baseball? Sì, ce l’ha. (Rule: If you use lo/la/li/le with “AVERE”, you must put “ce” before the pronoun)

43
Q

I gave the gift to them. (girls)

A

GLI ho dato un regalo. (gli is 3rd person plural for m/f, and 3rd singular for m)

44
Q

How many bottle did you buy? I bought 4 of them.

A

Quante bottiglie hai comprato? NE ho compratE quattro. (verbs must agree with direct object in passato prossimo)

45
Q

Did you buy the lemons? Yes, I bought them.

A

Hai comprato i limoni? Sì, LI ho comprati. (verbs must agree with direct object in passato prossimo)

46
Q

He gives it (the book) to you.

A

Te lo dà.

47
Q

Renato brings it (the apple) to me.

A

Renato me la porta.

48
Q

The professor teaches it (the lesson) to you (a group).

A

Il professore ve l’insegna.

49
Q

I am sending it (the package, masc) to her.

A

Glielo mando. (note: “glie” same for all recipients regardless of gender)

50
Q

You told it (the secret, masc) to him.

A

Glielo hai detto. (note: “glie” same for all recipients regardless of gender)

51
Q

She sent it (the letter, fem) to him.

A

Gliel’ha mandata. (note: “glie” same for all recipients regardless of gender)

52
Q

Rocco sends it (the letter, fem) to him.

A

Gliela manda. (note: “glie” same for all recipients regardless of gender)

53
Q

Maria gives them (the packages) to us

A

Maria ce li dà.

54
Q

Stefania gives them (the packages) to them.

A

Stefania glieli dà. (note: “glie” same for all recipients regardless of gender)

55
Q

Maria gives them (the letters, fem) to him.

A

Maria gliele dà (note: “glie” same for all recipients regardless of gender)

56
Q

Double pronouns often come before the verb, but there are 3 exceptions when they CAN BE (and often are) attached to the end. What are these 3 exceptions?

A
  1. Gerunds
  2. Imperatives
  3. Infinitives
57
Q

For double pronouns used with Gerunds, Imperatives (positive), and Infinitives, what are the 2 ways you can structure the sentence and when do you use them?

(example: “Bring it to me!” - said to 1 person)

A
  1. Attached to the end of the verb. Used most commonly - “Portamelo!”
  2. Direct object attached and strong firm indirect object. Used when you want to stress the the indirect object (the “to whom” part) - “Portalo a me!”

(Remember, for -ARE verbs, the “tu” form imperative ends in “a” not “i”)

58
Q

Bring it to me!

A

Portamelo!

59
Q

Bring it to me! (emphasis on me)

A

Portalo a me!

60
Q

By bringing it to me, I don’t have to get up from my chair.

A

Portandomelo non devo salire dalla mia sedia.

61
Q

I want you to bring it to me.

A

Ti voglio portarmelo.

62
Q

Double pronouns with the Negative Imperative can be structured 4 ways:

(example: “Don’t bring it to me!” - said to 1 person)

A
  1. Attached to the verb - “Non portarmelo!”
  2. Both between the negative and the verb - “Non me lo portare!”
  3. Strong form indirect object, standard (DO attached to verb) - “Non portarlo a me!”
  4. Strong form indirect object, non-attached (DO between negation and the verb - “Non lo portare a me!”

(Remember, negative imperatives are in the infinitive for 2nd person singular)

63
Q

Don’t bring it to me! (attached to verb)

A

Non portarmelo! (infinitive used for negative “Tu” imperative)

64
Q

Don’t bring it to me! (both between negation and verb)

A

Non me lo portare! (infinitive used for negative “Tu” imperative)

65
Q

Don’t bring it to me! (strong form indirect, standard)

A

Non portarlo a me! (infinitive used for negative “Tu” imperative)

66
Q

Don’t bring it to me! (strong form indirect, non-attached)

A

Non lo portare a me! (infinitive used for negative “Tu” imperative)

67
Q

My aunt bought them. (the shoes)

A

Mia zia le ha comprate. (p.p. verb must agree with feminine “le scarpe”)

68
Q

I am inviting you to dinner. (Joe and Lia)

A

Vi invito a cena.

69
Q

I’m calling him.

A

Sto chiamandolo. (“Lo sto chiamando” also acceptable)

70
Q

The weak pronoun “lo” can refer to the entire sentence proceeding it. English can use “it/that” to do the same thing, but the words are often omitted.

Example: I spoke with Luigi; everyone noticed (it).

A

Ho parlato con Luigi; tutti lo hanno notato.

71
Q

I saw Nicoletta yesterday. I know.

A

Ho visto (veduto) Nicoletta ieri. Lo so.

72
Q

Once upon a time, there was a cruel king…

A

C’era una volta, un re crudele… (example of use of “ci” in fixed expressions)

73
Q

I go there often.

A

Ci vado spesso. (example of use of “ci” in fixed expressions)

74
Q

I go through there every day.

A

Ci passo tutti i giorni. (example of use of “ci” in fixed expressions)

75
Q

There is a lot to do.

A

C’è molto da fare. (example of use of “ci” in fixed expressions)

76
Q

There are so many flowers in the meadow.

A

Ci sono tanti fiori nel prato.

77
Q

Will you be in, if I stop by tonight?

A

Ci sei, se passo stasera? (example of use of “ci” in fixed expressions)

78
Q

Are you buying her a dress?

A

Le compri un vestito?

79
Q

When the sentence includes a DIRECT OBJECT, the STRONG INDIRECT OBJECT pronoun can be placed BEFORE OR AFTER THE DIRECT OBJECT.

Example (before). We offer a free trip to you. (plural)

A

Offriamo a voi un viaggio gratuito.

80
Q

When the sentence includes a DIRECT OBJECT, the STRONG INDIRECT OBJECT pronoun can be placed BEFORE OR AFTER THE DIRECT OBJECT.

Example (after). I bought a new jacker for you. (singular)

A

Ho comprato una giacca nuova per te.

81
Q

Translate strong form: I decided to give them a ride.

A

Ho deciso di dare loro un passaggio. (“loro” can follow a verb without a preposition.)

82
Q

With present progressive (gerund) weak pronouns can be either BEFORE “stare” or attached to gerund.

Translate before: I’m talking to him.

A

Gli sto parlando.

83
Q

With present progressive (gerund) weak pronouns can be either BEFORE “stare” or attached to gerund.

Translate attached: I’m talking to him.

A

Sto parlandogli.

84
Q

I can send you a letter. (to a couple)

A

Posso mandarvi una lettera. (Modal auxilllary, Vi posso mandare una lettera, also acceptable)

85
Q

They let us use their boat.

A

Ci lasciano usare la loro barca. (“Lasciare” a causative verb, “ci” must precede it).

86
Q

With the verb “PIACERE*”, you can use the weak form just like any other verb. For the strong form, you can put it BEFORE or AFTER the verb. BEFORE the verb is more common when strong form is used, because it helps emphasize what the person does or doesn’t like:

Example: I like sweets.

*Other verbs work like this as well including:

accadere/capitare/succedere - to happen to someone
dispiacere - to be displeased with
far bene - to be good for someone
importare - to matter to someone
interessare - to be interested in or be of interest
mancare - to lack or to to miss
parere/sembrare - to seem/appear to someone

A

A me piacciono i dolci.

87
Q

Don’t they send it to you? (plural)

A

Non ve lo mandano?

88
Q

Don’t bring them (apples) to us! (to a group)

A

Non ce le portate! OR Non portatecele!

89
Q

I can send it (a letter) to you. (to a group)

A

Posso mandarvela. OR Ve la posso mandare.

90
Q

Double pronouns with Causative Verbs (“Lasciare” and “Fare”)

When there is only a direct object, we learned that that the direct object MUST go before the causative verb, it cannot be attached to the verb that follows.

With double pronouns, BOTH can go EITHER before the causative verb OR attached to the verb that follows:

Example (before): He lets me do it.

A

Me lo lascia fare.

91
Q

Double pronouns with Causative Verbs (“Lasciare” and “Fare”)

When there is only a direct object, we learned that that the direct object MUST go before the causative verb, it cannot be attached to the verb that follows.

With double pronouns, BOTH can go EITHER before the causative verb OR attached to it:

Example (attached): Make them sell it! (a car) (said to a brother and sister)

A

Fategliela vendere!

92
Q

Did he tell us your story? Yes, he told it to us.

A

Ci ha raccontato la tua storia? Sì, ce l’ha raccontata. (remember to elide and verb must match in past tense)

93
Q

He is telling it (your story) to us.

A

Ce la sta raccontando. OR Sta raccontandocela.

94
Q

I lack the courage to tell her that I love her.

A

Ho perso il coraggio per dirle che la amo.

Note “her” as indirect and direct object.

Italian grammar and vocab (14 decks)

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