Direct-acting adrenoceptor agonitst - noncatecholamines

Question 1

Noncatecholamines - MOA

Answer 1

Bind to and activate adrenoceptors

Question 2

Noncatecholamines - 3 groups

Answer 2

α1-agonists.
Selective β2-adrenoceptor agonitsts.
Imidazoline drugs.

Question 3

α1-adrenoceptor agonists - 2 drugs

Answer 3

Phenylephrine.

Midodrine.

Question 4

Main difference between catecholamines and noncatecholamines

Answer 4

The noncatecholamines are not substrates for COMT, and some are resistant to MAO degradation.

Question 5

Phenylephrine - indications

Answer 5

Viral and allergic rhinitis. Allergic conjunctivitis.
Mydriasis for retinal examination.
Surgery to maintain BP.
Hypotension.
Drug-induced, septic and neurogenic shock.

Question 6

Benefits of using phenylephrine for eye examinations

Answer 6

Produces mydriasis without disrupting accommodation.

Question 7

Midodrine - indications

Answer 7

ONLY hypotension - orthostatic (e.g. severe diabetic autonomic neuropathy), caused by infections in infants, induced by psychotropic agents, pts on renal dialysis.

Question 8

Midodrine - adverse effects

Answer 8

Hypertension in supine position.

Question 9

Selective β2-adrenoceptor agonitsts - 2 drugs + 1 group

Answer 9

Albuterol (salbutamol).
Terbutaline
Long-acting β agonitsts (LABAs).

Question 10

LABAs - 6 drugs

Answer 10

Pirbuterol.
Fenoterol.
Formoterol.
Arformoterol.
Levalbuterol.
Salmaterol.

Question 11

Selective β2-adrenoceptor agonitsts - indications

Answer 11

Asthma

COPD

Question 12

Selective β2-adrenoceptor agonitsts - adverse effects

Answer 12

Tachycardia.
Muscle tremor
Nervousness

Question 13

Selective β2-adrenoceptor agonitsts - administration

Answer 13

Inhalation.

also other adm routes for individual drugs

Question 14

Selective β2-adrenoceptor agonitst that is indicated for other disorder than respiratory tract disorder.

Answer 14

Terbutaline. Indicated for tocolysis (prolong premature labor 1-2 days)

Question 15

Terbutaline - adm and adverse effect

Answer 15

Injection - maternal heart problems

Question 16

Terbutaline - contraindication

Answer 16

Prevention of labor or prolonged treatment.

Question 17

Imidazoline drugs - 5 drugs

Answer 17

Oxymetazoline.
Apraclonidine.
Brimonidine.
Clonidine.
Dexmedetomidine.

Question 18

Imidazoline drugs - MOA

Answer 18

Activate α-adrenoceptors and imidazoline receptors.

Question 19

Imidazoline drugs used to decrease intraocular pressure after surgery

Answer 19

Apraclonidine, brimonidine.

Question 20

Imidazoline drugs used as nasal and ocular decongestant, and its contraindications

Answer 20

Oxymetazoline.

Careful in pts with HT or heart disease. Do not use more than 5 days. Caution on children and elderly.

Question 21

Oxymetazoline - adverse effects

Answer 21

Rebound congestion.

CNS and cardiovascular depression.

Question 22

Why are apraclonidine and brimonidine not used for glaucoma?

Answer 22

High rate of tachyphylaxis

Question 23

Clonidine - indications

Answer 23

Hypertension.

Opioid abstinence.

Question 24

Dexmedetomidine - indications

Answer 24

Sedation of intubated pts.

Adjunct to anesthesia.