Dipstick And Urine Osmolality

Question 1

Sample for urine ph

Answer 1

1st morning sample immediately

Question 2

Urine pH

Answer 2

4.5-5.5 acidic

Question 3

If urine ph >5.5

Answer 3

Collecting duct- NH4+

proximal convulayed tubule-bicarbonate reabsorbed

Question 4

Early morning urine ph >5.5 for 3 consecutive days

Answer 4

Renal tubular acidosis

Question 5

Which is the acidifying machnery Or kidney

Answer 5

Collecting duct

Question 6

Renal tubular acidosis types

Answer 6

Type 1-collecting duct

Type 2- PCT

Question 7

Normal urine osmolality

Answer 7

800-900 mosm/kg

Serum- 285-290( countercurreny exchange mechanism)

Question 8

Countercurrent exchange mechanish major players

Answer 8

Medullary intersitium
Urea
ADH
vasa recta

Question 9

Urine osmolality <500

Answer 9

ADH decrease or resistance (DI)
Cental DI 250

Tubules not working (nephrogenic DI)
Osmolality equal to plasma

Question 10

Urine specific gravity normal value

Answer 10

1.020-1.030

Question 11

Serum specific gravity

Answer 11

1.010

Question 12

Specific gravity of urine >1.030-1040

Answer 12

Concentrated urine (dehydration)

Question 13

SG <1.010

Answer 13

Extremely dilute urine( diabetes insipidus)

Question 14

Urine specific gravity is equal to serum specific gravity in

Answer 14

Isosthenuria (1.010)
Tubulea aren’t working

Question 15

Child 5 yrs severe bone pain short stature blood sugar normal no diabetic history
Urine glucose +++
Unone ph 6

Answer 15

Renal tubular acidosis type 2

Question 16

Urobilinogen ++

Answer 16

Hemolytic jaundice

Question 17

Urobilinogen absent

Answer 17

Obstruction or cirrhosis

Normal person traces in urine

Question 18

Bilirubin in urine

Answer 18

Conjugated

Hepatic & obstruction