Diltiazem HCL Flashcards
1
Q
Diltiazem: Class
A
Calcium Channel Blocker
2
Q
Diltiazem: Mechanism of Action
A
- Block influx of calcium ions into cardiac muscle: prevents spasm of coronary arteries.
- Arterial and venous vasodilator.
- Reduces preload and afterload.
- Reduces myocardial oxygen demand.
3
Q
Diltiazem: Indications
A
- Control of rapid ventricular rates due to atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, PSVT.
- Angina pectoris.
4
Q
Diltiazem: Contraindications
A
Hypotension Sick sinus syndrome Second or third degree AV block Cardiogenic shock Wide-complex tachycardias.
5
Q
Diltiazem: Adverse Reactions
A
Bradycardia Second or third-degree AV blocks V-Fib V-tach Chest pain CHF Syncope Dyspnea Nausea/vomiting Dizziness Dry mouth Headache
6
Q
Diltiazem: Drug interactions
A
- Caution in patients using medications that affect cardiac contractility.
- In general, should not be used in patients on Beta-blockers.
7
Q
Diltiazem: How supplied
A
25 mg / 5 ml vial
50 mg / 10 ml vial
Non - refrigerated: LYO-JECT syringe.
8
Q
Diltiazem: Dosage and Administration
A
Adult:
- Initial bolus: 0.25 mg/ kg (average dose 20 mg) IV over two (2) minutes.
- If inadequate response, may re-bolus in 15 minutes: 0.35 mg / kg IV over two minutes.
- Maintenance infusion of 5-15 mg / hour.
Pediatric:
Not recommended.
9
Q
Diltiazem: Onset
A
2-5 minutes
10
Q
Diltiazem: Peak effect
A
Variable
11
Q
Diltiazem: Duration
A
1-3 hours
12
Q
Diltiazem: Pregnancy safety class
A
C
13
Q
Diltiazem: Special considerations
A
- Use in caution in patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction.
- PVCs may be noted at time of conversion of PSVT to sinus rhythm.
