Digitalisation

Question 1

Machine learning def

Answer 1

utilizing large datasets to identify interaction patterns among variables
- Can for example help in prediction of infectious disease distribution patterns
- Genetics can be used to study connections between genes, human traits and diseases
- Ultimate goal in Machine Learning: Development of algorithms that are capable of self-improving with experience and continuously learning from new data and insights

Question 2

supervised method machine learning

Answer 2

classification and regression (e.g., outcome prediction in infectious diseases, detection of arrhythmia in electrocardiogram)

Question 3

unsupervised method machine learning

Answer 3

identifies hidden patterns in the data, data exploration and novel hypotheses generation

Question 4

technical challenges machine learning

Answer 4

• Volume: the scale of data inputs and outputs
• Variety: there are many different formats of data
• Velocity: speed of streaming data

Question 5

ethical challenges machine learning

Answer 5

• Data privacy
  
  • Solution can be found in de-identification of data
• Morality of algorithms
  -Trust: accepting recommendations provided by systems

Question 6

WEIRD samples

Answer 6

data comes from the wealthy countries –> missing data of other populations
White, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic

Question 7

autonomy paradox

Answer 7

using mobile devices allows you to work anywhere/anytime (increased autonomy) but can also give the feeling that you are forced to work everywhere/ all the time (reduced autonomy)

Question 8

technostress model

Answer 8

new technologies can impact work with five techno-stressors:
- Techno-Overload
- Techno-Invasion
- Techno-Complexity
- Techno-Insecurity
- Techno-Uncertainty:

Increases strain or stress, negative emotions, burnout and exhaustion and decreases self-related health, job satisfaction and productivity/performance

Question 9

techno-overload

Answer 9

Technology forces workers to work more and faster

Question 10

techno-invasion

Answer 10

Invasion of private life due to technology that creates pressures of constant connectivity

Question 11

techno-complexity

Answer 11

Technology is complex, leading to a sense of lack with regard to computer skills

Question 12

techno-insecurity

Answer 12

workers feel threatened about losing their jobs because of new technologies

Question 13

techno-uncertainty

Answer 13

Constant technological changes that may create stress for workers