digital inequalities

Question 1

what are the 2 types of digital inequalities

Answer 1

unequal access
unequal outcome; subject to algorithmic decision making

Question 2

what are some examples of algorithmic bias

Answer 2

racial bias; e.g. skin cancer identification only trained on lighter skin (fundamental data gap)
gender bias; women are less likely to be diagnosed

Question 3

how does algorithmic bias play out in criminal justice

Answer 3

predictive policing; simply predicts future policing patterns not crime as historic crime numbers are used leading to certain neighbourhoods being over represented

Question 4

what is used to predict criminal reoffending and how does it work

Answer 4

compass; correctional offender management profilling for alternative sanctions
gives a criminal a risk score on whether they will reoffend within the next 2 years based on their answers to 137 questions which determines their bias conditions whether they’re put on parole or sent to prison

Question 5

what are some negatives about compass

Answer 5

wrongly labelled white people as low risk though none of the questions asked about race
black offenders were more likely to be identified as high risk
was correct 61% of the time

Question 6

how can fairness be measured

Answer 6

statistical parity difference
equal opportunity differnce

Question 7

statistical parity difference

Answer 7

focuses on the rate of positive outcomes between two groups

Question 8

equal opportunity difference

Answer 8

the same proportion of each population receives a favourable outcome