Digestive Tract Physiology

Question 1

breaking
down process is termed

Answer 1

Digestion

Question 2

the passage of the digested nutrients through the
mucous membrane is called

Answer 2

Absorption

Question 3

Nutritional requirement of animals and their ability to utilize feedstuffs are greatly dependent on their digestive tract anatomy and physiology

Answer 3

Digestive Tract Physiology

Question 4

Physical digestion occurs thru mastication of food to smaller particles to
increase the surface area for exposure to digestive enzymes.
 Starch is hydrolyzed to maltose by enzymatic digestion of salivary amylase

Answer 4

Oral Cavity

Question 5

Stores ingested feed and meters ingesta into small intestine in amounts that
intestinal digestion can accommodate.

Answer 5

Stomach

Question 6

Major site of digestion and absorption in simple non-ruminants

Answer 6

Small intestines

Question 7

Three segments of small intestine

Answer 7

Doudenum, jejunum,ileum

Question 8

Major site of nutrient absorption

Answer 8

Jejunum

Question 9

Pancreas serves as a major source of digestive enzymes that degrade the
following:

Answer 9

• CHONS: trypsin, chymotrypsin
• CHO: amylase
• LIPIDS: lipase

Question 10

A complex ecosystem of anaerobic microorganisms further degrades and
metabolizes undigested residues entering the large intestines

Answer 10

Large intestines

Question 11

is metabolized to indole and skatole, which gives
the characteristic odor of the feces

Answer 11

Trytophan

Question 12

Species Differences in Specific Aspects of Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology

Answer 12

Strict carnivores
Omnivores

Question 13

(minks, cats) have a short intestinal tract and rapid transit time
of ingesta through the GIT because of the higher digestibility if their meat-based
diet.

Answer 13

Strict carnivores

Question 14

(swine) tend to have a long small intestine and an enlarges hindgut
with a much more significant microbial population of some fiber digestion

Answer 14

Omnivores

Question 15

Avian Digestive System

Answer 15

Mouth
Foregut

Question 16

Mouth

Answer 16

Beaks and tongue

Question 17

replace lips and teeth with its shape, size and length varying with type
of diet consumed.

Answer 17

Beaks

Question 18

is also adapted to type of food consumed

Answer 18

Tongue

Question 19

Foregut

Answer 19

Gizzard and Proventriculus

Question 20

(muscular part) performs function of mammalian teeth. The churning
action of the gizzard and grit (small stones) it contains grind feed into smaller

Answer 20

Gizzard

Question 21

(glandular part) is where HLC and digestive enzymes are
secreted.

Answer 21

Proventriculus

Question 22

 Differs from a simple non-ruminant because it has a large, compartmentalized
stomach
 Microbes that inhabit the large stomach mostly accomplish digestion, rather
than enzyme the animal produces itself

Answer 22

Ruminants

Question 23

 Absence of upper incisions, instead dental pads are present. A large gap between
the incisors of molars allow cattle to harvest and chew a large amount of fibrous
feeds.
 Teeth are primarily for grinding and tongue is used to gather and grasp grasses.
 Saliva contains sodium bicarbonate to keep rumen at a proper neutral pH for
good bacterial growth.

Answer 23

Mouth and Teeth

Question 24

4 chambers

Answer 24

Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum

Question 25

A fermentation vat that contains an immense microbial
population of bacteria (protozoa, fungi and yeast) that ferment
the ingested feeds.

Answer 25

Rumen

Question 26

Also produces large quantities of gasses mainly carbon dioxide
and methane, which are removed by a process called

Answer 26

Eructation

Question 27

“chewing the cud” is a characteristic feature of all ruminants

Answer 27

Rumination

Question 28

Traps foreign materials such as nails, wire and stones, which
accumulate in this compartment that eventually punctures the
small intestine

Answer 28

Reticulum

Question 29

• Regulates flow of ingested by acting as a sieve or filter thru its
  membranous leaves.
• Ingested feeds must be thoroughly degraded to smaller
  particles in order to pass thru the omasal leaves thereby
  promoting maximum fermentation efficiency

Answer 29

Omasum

Question 30

• Site of secretion of gastric juices such as HCl and proteolytic
  enzymes.
• Acidity in this compartment allows digestion of microbial
  protein, which serves as the major source of amino acids for
  ruminants.

Answer 30

Abomasum

Question 31

Include horses, rabbit, guinea pig, zebra, elephant and hippopotamus

Answer 31

Non- Ruminants Herbivores

Question 32

 No important domesticated species of non-ruminant foregut fermenters.

Answer 32

Foregut fermenters

Question 33

 Equids are examples

Answer 33

Colon fermenters

Question 34

 Example is rabbit
 They have low digestibility of fiber so they can adapt by selectively separating and
excreting indigestible fiber and retaining the more digestible non-fiber contents for
fermentation in the cecum.

Answer 34

Cecal fermenters