Digestive Tract Organs

Question 1

What is the role of salivary glands?

Answer 1

Enzymes to break down complex sugars

HCO3- bicarbonate to neutralize acids

Mucus acts as a lubricant for the bolus

Lysozymes digest bacteria and other pathogens that enter the mouth

Question 2

What is the name of the enzyme secreted by the salvation gland?

Answer 2

Salivary amylase

Question 3

What is the name of the flap that separates the trachea and the esophagus?

Answer 3

Epiglottis

Question 4

What is the name of the common throat?

Answer 4

Pharynx

Question 5

What are three ways to dislodge something stuck in the trachea?

Answer 5

Coughing

Back slaps

Heimlich

Question 6

What does the stomach digest?

Answer 6

Proteins

Question 7

What is the inactive enzyme secreted by the stomach? What is the active enzyme? What activates it?

Answer 7

Inactive- pepsinogen

Active- pepsin

Pepsinogen is activated when it comes into contact with HCl and becomes pepsin

Question 8

What is the role of hydrochloric acid (HCl)?

Answer 8

HCl takes big proteins and denatures (breakdown) them to increase surface area. It also actives pepsinogen into pepsin

Question 9

What is the role of buffers (HCO3) bicarbonate?

Answer 9

It acts as mucus and protects the stomach from the HCl during digestion

Question 10

What does it mean to be unidirectional?

Answer 10

Digestion moves in a single direction

Question 11

What are sphincters?

Answer 11

Smooth muscle tissue that opens and closes when ready

Question 12

What are accessory organs?

Answer 12

Do not receive anything from digestion, only secrete enzymes

Question 13

Name the accessory organs that play in digestion.

Answer 13

Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas

Question 14

What are the names of the folds in the small intestines? What do these folds do?

Answer 14

The folds are called villi

They increase surface area in the small intestine to promote more digestion

Question 15

What type of cells are in the small intestines?

Answer 15

Simple columnar epithelial tissue

Question 16

What is the correlation between surface area and digestion in the small intestine?

Answer 16

More SA= more place for digestion. The small intestine produces enzymes, so more chance to finish digestion

Question 17

________ finishes in the small intestines with its own enzymes.

Answer 17

Absorption

Question 18

What is the role of large intestine?

Answer 18

Remove things that don’t give us energy

Question 19

How long does it take for food to pass through the esophagus? What does this rate depend on?

Answer 19

5-10 seconds

The rate depends on how wet or dry your mouth is

Question 20

How long does it take for food to pass through the stomach? What does this rate depend on?

Answer 20

2-6 hours

It depends if the material is a liquid or solid. Also depends on the meal and type of macronutrients

Question 21

How long does it take for food to pass through the small intestines? What influences the rate of this process?

Answer 21

5-6 hours

Depends on what has to be done. Also depends how much FAT needs to be broken down

Question 22

How long does it take for the undigested material to be eliminated from the body? What influences this rate?

Answer 22

12-14 hours

Depends on the water content and the solute