Cells Flashcards
Function follows form
True
Skin and its derivatives ( hair, claws, sweat glands) protection against mechanical injury, infection, dehydration, thermoregulation
Integumentary system
How many cells in the human body?
85 trillion cells
Four main types of animal tissue
Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular
3 types of epithelial tissue
Squamous (little cytoplasm)
cuboidal(medium cytoplasm)
Columnar ( most cytoplasm)
2 types of squamous cells
Simple squamous (single layered
Stratified Squamous (multilayered)
Where are what do each squamous cell do?
Stratified squamous is located in mouth and gut. It serves as protection from abrasions.
Simple squamous is located in the lungs. It allows for diffusion. Allows for filtration
What are basal cells? What is the apical layer/surface?
Basal cells- bottom layer of cells. They grow up toward the surface.
Apical layer- top layer of cells
What are cuboidal cells? Shape? Where? Function?
Cuboidal cells are a type of epithelial tissue.
They are in the shape of a cube
Located in areas such as kidney and pancreas
Transport- secretion (blood to cells) and absorption (nutrients to blood)
What are the two types of columnar epithelium? Shape? Where? Function?
Simple columnar epithelium / pseudostratified columnar epitheium
Columnar cells look like tall columns
Simple columnar- located in intestines and stomach
Pseudostratified (false layered) columnar- located in respiratory tract
Simple columnar- absorption and secretion. Also serve as protection for gut
Pseudostratified- filtration in the respiratory tract (cilia catch debris in airway)
True or false… more cytoplasm means more functions?
True
What are the 6 types of connective tissue? What’s is their function as a whole?
Loose connective
Fibrous connective
Blood
Bone
Cartilage
Adipose
Overall function- framework for the body
What are the three types of connective tissue fibers? What do they do?
Collagenous fibers- strength and flexibility (collagen)
Reticular fibers- join connective tissue to adjacent tissue
Elastic fibers- make tissues elastic (elastin)
What are the 6 connective tissues?
Loose connective tissue
Fibrous connective tissue
Bone
Adipose tissue
Cartilage
Blood
What is the 1. Matrix 2. Cells 3. Fibers 4. Function of loose connective tissue?
Matrix- loose weave of material (widespread packing material)
Cells- fibroblasts (build fibers)
Fibers- collagen, reticular, elastic fibers
Function- hold organs in place
What is the 1. Matrix 2. Cells 3. Fibers 4. Function of fibrous connective tissue?
Matrix- fluid
Cells- Fibroblasts (build fibers)
Fibers- elastin (make things elastic and return back to shape) and collagen
Function- make up tendons(muscle to bone) and ligaments (bone to bone)
What is the 1. Matrix 2. Cells 3. Fibers 4. Function of bone?
Matrix- calcium hydroxyapatite
Cells- osteoblasts( build bone) and osteoclasts (breakdown bone)
Fibers- osteon, collagen fibers (tensile), and calcium salts
Function- support the body
What is the 1. Matrix 2. Cells 3. Fibers 4. Function of adipose tissue?
Matrix- cell fluid
Cells- adipocytes
Fibers- anchor to keep cells together
Function- storage, insulation, padding
What is the 1. Matrix 2. Cells 3. Fibers 4. Function of cartilage?
Matrix- Chondroitin Sulfate
Cells- Chondrocytes
Fibers- elastin (resilient) and collagen (tensile)
Function- give support to the body
What are the three types of muscle tissue? What is their overall function in the body?
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
Overall function- contract to preform body movements
What is the 1. Function 2. Makeup 3. Location of skeletal muscle tissue?
Function- enable VOLUNTARY movement of the body
Makeup- unbranched striated muscle
Location- attached to bone by tendons
What is the 1. Function 2. Makeup 3. Location of smooth muscle tissue?
Function- INVOLUNTARY contractions of internal organs. Will pump and/or store items
Makeup- spindle shaped unstriated muscle
Location- stomach, intestines, blood vessels
What is the 1. Function 2. Makeup 3. Location of cardiac muscle tissue?
Function- contraction of the heart
Makeup- branched, striated fibers, intercalated disks
Location- HEART only
What are the two contractile proteins?
Actin
Myosin
True of false… muscles shorten?
False, they slide over each other
What are the two types of nervous tissue?
Neurons
Glia
What is the makeup of a neuron?
Dendrite (fingers off cell body)
Cell body (large area with dendrites)
Axon (long body extending from the cell body)
What is the function of a neuron?
- Perceive information from the environment
- Process information
- Respond to the information
AKA communication
Where is the central nervous system located? Peripheral nervous system?
CNS- brain and spinal cord
PNS- all other nerves in the body
What is the function of glia?
- Framework
- Fix neuron tissue
- Provide food for nerve cells
- Remove waste products
- Look for bacteria
Where are glia located in the body?
Attached or near axons of neurons and blood vessels
What is the 1. Matrix 2. Cells 3. Fibers 4. Function of blood?
Matrix- plasma
Cells- white and red blood cells
Fibers- fibrin (clotting)
Function- transport throughout the body
