Animal Nutrition Flashcards
What are the three categories of what animals eat?
Herbivores- plants
Carnivores- meat
Omnivores- both
What is the process at which food is processed?
- Ingestion
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Elimination
Consumption, use, and storage of food must be __________.
Balanced
What are the four types of feeders?
- Filter feeder
- Substrate feeder
- Fluid feeder
- Bulk feeder
What do filter feeders eat? How do they access it?
- Filter feeders push their tongue to the roof of their mouth to trap the food. They force the water out of their mouth. Trapped food stays behind the bleen (like teeth but not bone).
- They feed on micro organisms and anything else that gets caught in their mouth.
What are substrate feeders? What do they eat?
- Substrate feeders live IN or ON their food source.
2. They eat the stored sucrose (sugar) in plants and engulf the substrate.
What are fluid feeders? Name two examples of parasitic fluid feeders. Name two examples of beneficial fluid feeders.
- Fluid feeders are animals that suck nutrient rich FLUID from a living host.
Parasites (negative for one and gain for another): Aphids and mosquitoes
Beneficial (gain for both parties): Bumblebees and hummingbirds
What are bulk feeders?
Eat relatively LARGE pieces of food
What are the two types of digestion? Give an example of each.
Physical digestion- chewing to increase surface area
Chemical digestion- enzymes react with the food
What is intracellcular digestion?
Occurs inside cells. Food particles are engulfed by phagocytes or pinocytosis.
What organisms use intracellular digestion?
Single called organisms
What is extracellular digestion?
The breakdown of food particles in the compartments that are continuous with the outside of the body.
What type of cells are found in the digestive organs?
Simple columnar epithelial tissue
Why do most animals process food in specialized compartments?
To carry out digestion, absorption, and elimination in a stepwise fashion.
What are the three “regions” in animals?
Foregut (toward head)
Midgut (small intestine)
Hindgut (toward rectum)
