Digestive Systems Flashcards
What are the four major biological molecules?
Carbohydrates,lipids,proteins, nucleic acids (Cats Love Playing Nicely)
What is the ratio of atoms in a carbohydrate molecule?
Cows Have 2 Oranges
Carbon: 1
Hydrogen: 2
Oxygen: 1
Chemical formula of simple sugars?
C6 H12 O6
What are some of the functions of proteins?
- Biological catalysts
- Hormones in the blood - eg. adrenaline and insulin
- Structural eg. collagen in teeth,hair,tendons
- Antibodies
What is activation energy?
Energy used by two reactants when they collide in order to cause a chemical reaction - imagine a man pushing a stone up a hill
What is denaturation?
A process where extreme temperature/pH causes the active site of enzyme to lose 3D shape irreversibly.
What is an enzyme?
Made up of amino acids and speed up reactions by providing path of lower activation energy.
What is the enzyme that is common between mouth and small intestine, and its purpose?
- Salivary Amylase/ Pancreatic Amylase
- Turns starch to maltose
What are the muscles and process involved in moving food down the oesophagus
- Longitudes and circular muscles(through contraction and relaxation)
- Peristalsis (physical digestion)
What is bile?
Made in gallbladder -> bile duct -> small intestine
Not enzyme
Emulsifies large fat droplets into smaller globules (physical digestion)
How are proteins digested in the small intestine?
Proteins -> polypeptides via pancreatic protease
Polypeptides -> amino acids via intestinal protease
How are fats digested in the small intestine?
Fat -> 3 fatty acids + glycerol via pancreatic/intestinal lipase
Takes place after bile
What is the pH level of intestinal juice in the stomach and why?
2
Hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and provide optimum pH for gastric protease
How are fats and carbs digested in the stomach?
They aren’t
Skill issue if you got this wrong
How long is food stored in the stomach?
2-6h
