digestive system quiz

Question 1

what is mechanical digestion

Answer 1

breaking down food into smaller particles but not acting on the bond level

Question 2

what is chemical digestion

Answer 2

breaking the bonds in the food chemically

Question 3

what is an enzyme

Answer 3

a protein in the body that speeds up the digestion process CHEMICALLY

Question 4

what enzyme breaks down carbohydrates

Answer 4

amylase

Question 5

what enzyme breaks down proteins

Answer 5

pepsin

Question 6

what enzyme breaks down fats

Answer 6

lipases

Question 7

where is amylase found

Answer 7

in the mouth and pancreas

Question 8

where is pepsin found

Answer 8

in the stomach, secreted by chief cells

Question 9

what are the three macromolecules

Answer 9

carbohydrates, protein, and fats (lipids)

Question 10

what is a polymer

Answer 10

large molecules that are in fact to large to be absorbed into the bloodstream as they are

Question 11

what is a monomer

Answer 11

small molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream- polymers are broken into monomers

Question 12

how many salivary glands do we have

Answer 12

three- parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Question 13

what does food turn into once it reaches the throat

Answer 13

a “bolus”

Question 14

is peristalsis controlled by the CNS or ENS

Answer 14

ENS- meaning it is not voluntary. once the bolus has entered your esophagus, you have no control over it

Question 15

is swallowing controlled by the CNS or ENS

Answer 15

CNS- meaning it is voluntary.

Question 16

what is peristalsis

Answer 16

the involuntary contraction and relaxation of muscles throughout your digestive tract (present in the esophagus)

Question 17

what enzyme is in the mouth and what does is chemically digest

Answer 17

salivary amylase, breaking down starch

Question 18

what is the epiglottis

Answer 18

it is a piece of cartilage that moves to cover the trachea so that food enters the esophagus and NOT the trachea (prevents choking)

Question 19

what are the three functions of the stomach

Answer 19

disinfecting & storing food, as well as digesting protein using pepsin

Question 20

what is the acid in the stomach

Answer 20

HCl, and it has a pH of 2

Question 21

what stops the stomach from digesting itself

Answer 21

mucus secreted by stomach cells that protect the lining of the stomach

Question 22

what does HCl do in the stomach

Answer 22

kills microorganisms, converts pepsinogen to pepsin, and aids in the dissolving of food

Question 23

what is the bolus now called in the stomach

Answer 23

chyme

Question 24

what cells secrete pepsinogen

Answer 24

chief cells (converted to pepsin in the presence of HCl)

Question 25

what are the accessory organs of digestion

Answer 25

liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 26

what three sections is the small intenstine comprised of

Answer 26

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 27

where is bile secreted

Answer 27

in the liver- however it is produced by the liver

Question 28

what is the role of the pancreas in the digestive system

Answer 28

to release pancreatic juices (comprised of amylase, trypsin, and chymotripsin) to help further digest food in the duodenum

Question 29

how do nutrients get absorbed into the bloodstream

Answer 29

diffusion

Question 30

what are villi and microvilli

Answer 30

small finger-like projections that line the inner wall of the small intestine (increases surface area for absorption) that allow easy diffusion into the capillaries that coat the intestine

Question 31

what is the primary purpose of the colon

Answer 31

water absorption

Question 32

what type of materials pass from the small intestine to the colon

Answer 32

undigested and unabsorbed materials

Question 33

are the muscle contractions in the colon

Answer 33

yes, to help keep feces moving

Question 34

what vitamin is absorbed in the colon

Answer 34

vitamin K, produced by E. coli bacteria that reside in the colon

Question 35

why does constipation happen and why does diahrrea happen

Answer 35

constipation = too much water reabsorbed diahrrea = not enough water reabsorbed

Question 36

is the rate of transit of materials through the colon positively or negatively correlated with their fiber content

Answer 36

positively- more fiber in the foods you eat allows for faster and more comfortable bowel movements

Question 37

what are feces comprised of

Answer 37

undigested material, cellulose, roughage/fiber, masses of bacter & water

Question 38

what indicator is used to identify starch

Answer 38

iodine solution - black = positive

Question 39

what indicator is used to indentify protein

Answer 39

biuret solution - violet = positive

Question 40

what indicator is used to identify lipids

Answer 40

litmus - blue in basic solutions, pink in acidic solutions