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bio 11 > digestive system quiz > Flashcards

digestive system quiz Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is mechanical digestion

A

breaking down food into smaller particles but not acting on the bond level

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2
Q

what is chemical digestion

A

breaking the bonds in the food chemically

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3
Q

what is an enzyme

A

a protein in the body that speeds up the digestion process CHEMICALLY

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4
Q

what enzyme breaks down carbohydrates

A

amylase

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5
Q

what enzyme breaks down proteins

A

pepsin

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6
Q

what enzyme breaks down fats

A

lipases

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7
Q

where is amylase found

A

in the mouth and pancreas

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8
Q

where is pepsin found

A

in the stomach, secreted by chief cells

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9
Q

what are the three macromolecules

A

carbohydrates, protein, and fats (lipids)

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10
Q

what is a polymer

A

large molecules that are in fact to large to be absorbed into the bloodstream as they are

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11
Q

what is a monomer

A

small molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream- polymers are broken into monomers

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12
Q

how many salivary glands do we have

A

three- parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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13
Q

what does food turn into once it reaches the throat

A

a “bolus”

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14
Q

is peristalsis controlled by the CNS or ENS

A

ENS- meaning it is not voluntary. once the bolus has entered your esophagus, you have no control over it

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15
Q

is swallowing controlled by the CNS or ENS

A

CNS- meaning it is voluntary.

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16
Q

what is peristalsis

A

the involuntary contraction and relaxation of muscles throughout your digestive tract (present in the esophagus)

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17
Q

what enzyme is in the mouth and what does is chemically digest

A

salivary amylase, breaking down starch

18
Q

what is the epiglottis

A

it is a piece of cartilage that moves to cover the trachea so that food enters the esophagus and NOT the trachea (prevents choking)

19
Q

what are the three functions of the stomach

A

disinfecting & storing food, as well as digesting protein using pepsin

20
Q

what is the acid in the stomach

A

HCl, and it has a pH of 2

21
Q

what stops the stomach from digesting itself

A

mucus secreted by stomach cells that protect the lining of the stomach

22
Q

what does HCl do in the stomach

A

kills microorganisms, converts pepsinogen to pepsin, and aids in the dissolving of food

23
Q

what is the bolus now called in the stomach

A

chyme

24
Q

what cells secrete pepsinogen

A

chief cells (converted to pepsin in the presence of HCl)

25
Q

what are the accessory organs of digestion

A

liver, gallbladder, pancreas

26
Q

what three sections is the small intenstine comprised of

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

27
Q

where is bile secreted

A

in the liver- however it is produced by the liver

28
Q

what is the role of the pancreas in the digestive system

A

to release pancreatic juices (comprised of amylase, trypsin, and chymotripsin) to help further digest food in the duodenum

29
Q

how do nutrients get absorbed into the bloodstream

A

diffusion

30
Q

what are villi and microvilli

A

small finger-like projections that line the inner wall of the small intestine (increases surface area for absorption) that allow easy diffusion into the capillaries that coat the intestine

31
Q

what is the primary purpose of the colon

A

water absorption

32
Q

what type of materials pass from the small intestine to the colon

A

undigested and unabsorbed materials

33
Q

are the muscle contractions in the colon

A

yes, to help keep feces moving

34
Q

what vitamin is absorbed in the colon

A

vitamin K, produced by E. coli bacteria that reside in the colon

35
Q

why does constipation happen and why does diahrrea happen

A

constipation = too much water reabsorbed
diahrrea = not enough water reabsorbed

36
Q

is the rate of transit of materials through the colon positively or negatively correlated with their fiber content

A

positively- more fiber in the foods you eat allows for faster and more comfortable bowel movements

37
Q

what are feces comprised of

A

undigested material, cellulose, roughage/fiber, masses of bacter & water

38
Q

what indicator is used to identify starch

A

iodine solution - black = positive

39
Q

what indicator is used to indentify protein

A

biuret solution - violet = positive

40
Q

what indicator is used to identify lipids

A

litmus - blue in basic solutions, pink in acidic solutions

bio 11 (3 decks)

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