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biol112 lab > Digestive System (Practicum 2) > Flashcards

Digestive System (Practicum 2) Flashcards

1
Q

what is glucose?

A

a small, six-carbon sugar molecule found in starch and glycogen

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2
Q

what is a monosaccharide?

A

one individual molecule of sugar; the building blocks of carbohydrates

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3
Q

what is disaccharide?

A

a carbohydrate made up of two sugar molecules linked together

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4
Q

what is a maltose?

A

a disaccharide consisting of two glucose molecules bound together

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5
Q

what is a simple sugar?

A

monosaccharides and disaccharides

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6
Q

what is an oligosaccharide?

A

a carbohydrate made up or more than two sugar molecules linked together

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7
Q

what is a polysaccharide?

A

a carbohydrate made up of hundreds to thousands of sugar molecules linked together

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8
Q

what is starch?

A

a plant-based polysaccharide

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9
Q

what is glycogen?

A

an animal-based polysaccharide

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10
Q

what is a Benedict reagent?

A

A light blue solution that tests for many types of simple sugars, including maltose and glucose.

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11
Q

how do you interpret the Benedict test?

A

a positive result for the Benedict test occurs anytime the reagent changes from its original blue color. The reaction requires heat to take place

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12
Q

true or false:

lipids are hydrophobic substances that do not mix well with water

A

true

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13
Q

what is a lipid?

A

a macromolecule made up of dozens to hundreds of molecules of mostly carbon and hydrogen

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14
Q

what is cholesterol?

A

a lipid structure containing over 20 carbon atoms configured into four rings

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15
Q

what is a phospholipid?

A

a lipid made up of a three-carbon glycerol molecule with a phosphate group and two fatty acids attached

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16
Q

what is a triglyceride?

A

a lipid made up of a three-carbon glycerol molecule with three fatty acid chains attached to it

17
Q

what are fatty acids?

A

long chains of carbon with hydrogen attached, making them nonpolar molecules

18
Q

what are saturated fatty acid?

A

a chain of carbon atoms using only single carbon-to-carbon bonds with hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon

19
Q

what are unsaturated fatty acid?

A

a chain of carbon atoms that contain one (monounsaturated) or more (polyunsaturated) double bonds between carbons with hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms

20
Q

how do you interpret the paper test?

A

A positive result for a lipid will result in an evenly distributed oily stain remaining on paper after 15 minutes. Water will completely evaporate, and nonlipid substances mixed with water will leave a circular stain

21
Q

what is an amylase?

A

an enzyme found in saliva and pancreatic secretions that breaks down polysaccharides into smaller oligosaccharides and disaccharides such as maltose

22
Q

what do stomach acids dramatically alter?

A

the pH of different parts of the digestive system

23
Q

how does pH affect enzymes?

A

it affects the way enzymes function

24
Q

what is the best pH for amylase activity?

A

Amylase works best at pH 7 but generates a little maltose at pH 2

25
Q

what is monomer?

A

A substance that is the smallest unit of a category of substances. For example, an amino acid is a monomer of a protein

26
Q

what is polymer?

A

A substance made up of many units of a common chemical attached to each other

27
Q

what is the Biuret reagent?

A

A light blue reagent that tests for protein

28
Q

how do you interpret the Biuret test?

A

A positive result for the Biuret test occurs anytime the reagent changes from its original blue color to a pink or purple color. Any tube that is blue, no matter which shade of blue, does not contain protein.

The Biuret reagent turns from light blue to pink if a low concentration of protein is present. Dark purple indicates a high protein concentration.

biol112 lab (9 decks)

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