Digestive System Pathology Flashcards
Ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
Borborygmus, pleural: borborygmi
Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract
Constipation
Difficulty in passing stools (feces)
Diarrhea
Frequent passage of loose, watery stools
Dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing
Eructation
Has expelled from the stomach through the mouth
Flatus
Has expelled through the anus
Hematochezia
Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
Jaundice (icterus)
Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood
Melena
Black, Tarry stools; feces containing digested blood
Nausea
Unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit
Steatorrhea
Fat in the feces; foul-smelling fecal matter
Aphthous stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers
Dental caries
Tooth decay
Herpetic stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus
Oral leukoplakia
White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth
Periodontal disease **pg162
Inflammation and degeneration of guns, teeth, and surrounding bone
Achalasia
Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (les) muscle to relax
Esophageal cancer
Malignant tumor or the esophagus
Esophageal varices
Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus
Gastric cancer
Malignant tumor of the stomach
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach
Hernia
Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally contained within it
- direct; occurs through abdominal wall
- indirect; occurs through the inguinal canal( herniated tissue descends into the scrotal sac)
Peptic ulcer
Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
Anal fistula
Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
Colonic polyps
Polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
Colorectal cancer
Adenocarcinoma of the colon of rectum, or both
Crohns disease
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
Diverticulosis
Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon
Dysentery
Painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection
Hemorrhoids
Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region
Ileus
Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammation of the colon and small intestine
Intussusception
Telescoping of the intestines
Irritable bowl syndrome
Group of GI symptoms but without abnormalities in the intestines
Ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
Volvulus
Twisting of the intestines on itself
Cholelithiasis
Gallstones in the gallbladder
Calculi- prevent bile from leaving the gallbladder and bile ducts.
Cirrhosis
Chronic degenerative disease of the liver
Pancreatic cancer
Malignant tumor of the pancreas
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
Viral hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
Anorexia
Lack of appetite
