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Medical Terminology > Digestive System Pathology > Flashcards

Digestive System Pathology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

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2
Q

Borborygmus, pleural: borborygmi

A

Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract

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3
Q

Constipation

A

Difficulty in passing stools (feces)

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4
Q

Diarrhea

A

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools

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5
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

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6
Q

Eructation

A

Has expelled from the stomach through the mouth

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7
Q

Flatus

A

Has expelled through the anus

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8
Q

Hematochezia

A

Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

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9
Q

Jaundice (icterus)

A

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood

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10
Q

Melena

A

Black, Tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

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11
Q

Nausea

A

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit

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12
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Fat in the feces; foul-smelling fecal matter

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13
Q

Aphthous stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

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14
Q

Dental caries

A

Tooth decay

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15
Q

Herpetic stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus

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16
Q

Oral leukoplakia

A

White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

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17
Q

Periodontal disease **pg162

A

Inflammation and degeneration of guns, teeth, and surrounding bone

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18
Q

Achalasia

A

Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (les) muscle to relax

19
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Malignant tumor or the esophagus

20
Q

Esophageal varices

A

Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

21
Q

Gastric cancer

A

Malignant tumor of the stomach

22
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

23
Q

Hernia

A

Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally contained within it

  • direct; occurs through abdominal wall
  • indirect; occurs through the inguinal canal( herniated tissue descends into the scrotal sac)
24
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

25
Q

Anal fistula

A

Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

26
Q

Colonic polyps

A

Polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

27
Q

Colorectal cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma of the colon of rectum, or both

28
Q

Crohns disease

A

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

29
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon

30
Q

Dysentery

A

Painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

31
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

32
Q

Ileus

A

Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

33
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease

A

Inflammation of the colon and small intestine

34
Q

Intussusception

A

Telescoping of the intestines

35
Q

Irritable bowl syndrome

A

Group of GI symptoms but without abnormalities in the intestines

36
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

37
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of the intestines on itself

38
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Gallstones in the gallbladder

Calculi- prevent bile from leaving the gallbladder and bile ducts.

39
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver

40
Q

Pancreatic cancer

A

Malignant tumor of the pancreas

41
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

42
Q

Viral hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

43
Q

Anorexia

A

Lack of appetite

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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