Chapter 11 Pathology

Question 1

Bradycardia and heart block

Answer 1

Failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle of His

Question 2

Flutter

Answer 2

Rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria

Question 3

Fibrillation

Answer 3

Very rapid, random, inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute)

Question 4

Congenital heart disease

Answer 4

Abnormalities in the heart at birth

Question 5

Coarctation of the aorta

Answer 5

Narrowing (coarctation) of the aorta

Question 6

Patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 6

Passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth

Question 7

Septal defects

Answer 7

Small holes in the wall between the atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles

Question 8

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 8

Congenital malformation involving four (tetra-) distinct heart defects

Question 9

Congestive heart failure

Answer 9

Heat is unable to pump it’s required amount of blood

Question 10

Coronary artery disease

Answer 10

Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart

Related to atherosclerosis

Question 11

Endocarditis

Answer 11

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

Question 12

Hypertension heart disease

Answer 12

High blood pressure affecting the heart

Question 13

Mitral valve prolapse

Answer 13

Improper closure of the mitral valve

Question 14

Murmur

Answer 14

Extra heart sound, heard between normal heart beats

Question 15

Pericarditis

Answer 15

Inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart

Question 16

Rheumatic heart disease

Answer 16

Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

Question 17

Aneurysm

Answer 17

Local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall

Question 18

Deep vein thrombosis

Answer 18

Blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb

Question 19

Hypertension

Answer 19

High blood pressure

Question 20

Peripheral arterial disease

Answer 20

Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs

Question 21

Raynaud disease

Answer 21

Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes

Question 22

Varicose veins

Answer 22

Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in legs

Question 23

Arrhythmias

Answer 23

Abnormal heart rhythms